surnames Bond (Chapter XV), whence the compound Husband, used both
for the goodman of the house and in the modern sense, and Tillman.
The labouring man was Day, from the same root as Ger. Dienen, to
serve. It persists in "dairy" and perhaps in the puzzling name
Doubleday (? doing two men's work). A similar meaning is contained
in the names Swain, Hind, for earlier Hine (Chapter III), Tasker,
Mann. But a Wager was a mercenary soldier. The mower has given us
the names Mather (cf. aftermath), and Mawer, while Fenner is sometimes
for Old Fr. feneur, haymaker (Lat. foenum, hay). For mower we also
find the latinized messor, whence Messer. Whether the Ridler and the
Sivier made, or used, riddles and sieves can hardly be decided.
[Footnote: Riddle is the usual word for sieve in the Midlands. Hence
the phrase "riddled with holes, or wounds."]

With the Wenman, who drove the wain, we may mention the Leader or
Loader. The verbs "lead" and "load" are etymologically the same, and
in the Midlands people talk of "leading," i.e. carting, coal. But
these names could also come from residence near an artificial
watercourse (Chapter XIII). Beecher has already been explained, and
Shoveler is formed in the same way from dialect showl, a shovel--

" 'I,' said the owl,

'With my spade and showl.' "

To the variants of the Miller (Chapter XXIII) may be added Mulliner,
from Old French. Tedder means a man who teds, i.e. spreads, hay, the
origin of the word being Scandinavian

"I teede hey, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes, je fene."
(Palsgrave.)

But the greater number of surnames drawn from rural occupations are
connected with the care of animals. We find names of this class in
three forms, exemplified by Coltman, Goater, Shepherd, and it seems
likely that the endings -er and -erd have sometimes been interchanged,
e.g. that Goater may stand for goat-herd, Calver for calf-herd, and
Nutter sometimes for northern nowt-herd, representing the dialect
neat-herd. The compounds of herd include Bullard, Calvert, Coltard,
Coward, for cow-herd, not of course to be confused with the common
noun coward (Fr. couard, a derivative of Lat. cauda, tail), Evart,
ewe-herd, but also a Norman spelling of Edward, Geldard, Goddard,
sometimes for goat-herd, Hoggart, often confused with the local
Hogarth (Chapter XIII), Seward, for sow-herd, or for the historic
Siward, Stobart, dialect stob, a bull, Stodart, Mid. Eng. stot,
meaning both a bu