thers the famous dramatic subject of
the False Demetrius. He also translated _Hamlet_. As a comic dramatist
he is stated to have been less popular than as a tragedian; yet it is in
comedy that he would seem to have had the most noteworthy successors.
Among these it is impossible to pass by the empress Catherine II., whose
comedies seem to have been satirical sketches of the follies and foibles
of her subjects, and who in one comedy as well as in a tragedy had the
courage to imitate Shakespeare. Comedy aiming at social satire long
continued to temper the conditions of Russian society, and had
representatives of mark in such writers as A. N. Ostrovsky of Moscow and
Griboyedov, the author of _Gore et uma_.

In any survey of the Slav drama that of the Czech peoples, whose
national consciousness has so fully reawakened, must not be overlooked.
A Czech theatre was called into life at Prague as early as the 18th
century; and in the 19th its demands, centring in a sense of
nationality, were met by J. N. Stepinek (1783-1844), W. C. Klicpera
(1792-1859) and J. C. Tyl (1808-1856); and later writers continued to
make use of the stage for a propaganda of historical as well as
political significance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--The following works treat the general theory of the
drama and the dramatic art, together with the principles of dramaturgy
and of the art of acting. Works which have reference to the drama of a
particular period or of a particular nation only are mentioned
separately. Works which deal with special authors only have been
intentionally omitted in this bibliography, as being mentioned in the
articles in the several authors.

Aristotle's _Poetics_ (text and transl. by S. H. Butcher, London,
1895; transl. by T. Twining, London, 1812; see also Donaldson's
_Theatre of the Greeks_); H. Baumgart, _Aristoteles, Lessing, u.
Goethe. Uber das ethische u. asthetische Princip der Tragudie_
(Leipzig, 1877); H. A. Bulthaupt, _Dramaturgie des Schauspiels_ (4
vols., Oldenburg u. Leipzig, 1893-1902); L. Campbell, _Tragic Drama in
Aeschylus, Sophocles and Shakespeare_ (London, 1904); P. Corneille,
_Discours du poeme dramatique--de la tragedie--des trois unites,
OEuvres_, vol. i. (Paris, 1862); W. L. Courtney, _The Idea of Tragedy
in Ancient and Modern Drama_ (Westminster, 1900); Diderot, _De la
poesie dramatique_. _Entretiens sur le Fils Naturel, OEuvres
completes_, vii. (Paris, 1875); J. Dryden, _Essa