University Calendar_, annual.)

There remain to be mentioned the following buildings in Dublin. The
permanent building of the International Exhibition of 1865 adjoins the
pleasure ground of St Stephen's Green. This building was occupied by the
Royal University of Ireland until its dissolution under the Irish
Universities Act 1908, which provided for a new university at Dublin, to
which the building was transferred under the act (see IRELAND:
_Education_). The new university is called the National University of
Ireland. At the same time a new college was founded under the name of
University College. The Royal University replaced the Queen's University
under the University Act (Ireland) in 1879. No teaching was carried on,
but examinations were held and degrees conferred, both on men and on
women. On the west side of St Stephen's Green is the Catholic University
(1854), which is under the Jesuit Fathers and affiliated to the Royal
University. Between Trinity College and St Stephen's Green, a large
group of buildings includes the Royal Dublin Society, founded in 1683 to
develop agriculture and the useful arts, with a library and gallery of
statuary; the Science and Arts Museum, and the National Library, the
former with a noteworthy collection of Irish antiquities; the Museum of
Natural History, with a splendid collection of Irish fauna; and the
National Gallery of Ireland, founded in 1853. Here was once a residence
of the duke of Leinster, and the buildings surround the open space of
Leinster Lawn. Educational foundations include the Royal College of
Physicians, of Surgeons and of Science; the Royal Irish Academy, with an
unequalled collection of national antiquities, including manuscripts and
a library; and the Royal Hibernian Academy of painting, sculpture and
architecture. In 1904 the formation of a municipally supported gallery
of modern art (mainly due to the initiative and generosity of Mr Hugh
Lane) was signalized by an exhibition including the pictures intended to
constitute the nucleus of the gallery. In 1905 King Edward VII. laid the
foundation stone of a college of science on a site in the vicinity of
Leinster Lawn. The full scheme for the occupation of the site included,
not only the college, but also offices for the Board of Works and the
Department of Agriculture. The famous Dublin Horse and Agricultural
Shows are held at Ball's Bridge in April, August and December.

The most notable churches apart from the c