overnment on
Hugh de Lacy, having granted by charter "to his subjects of Bristol his
city of Dublin to inhabit, and to hold of him and his heirs for ever,
with all the liberties and free customs which his subjects of Bristol
then enjoyed at Bristol and through all England." In 1176 Strongbow,
earl of Pembroke, and chief leader of the Anglo-Norman forces, died in
Dublin of a mortification in one of his feet, and was buried in Christ
Church Cathedral, where his monument remains well preserved. A fresh
charter was granted in 1207 by King John to the inhabitants of Dublin,
who had not yet made their peace with the neighbourhood, but, like the
settlers in other towns, were at constant feud with the native Irish; so
that two years after the date of this charter, whilst the citizens of
Dublin were celebrating Easter at Cullenswood, they were set upon by the
Irish of the neighbouring mountains, and 500 of them killed. The scene
of slaughter is still called the Bloody Fields, and Easter Monday
denominated Black Monday. On each succeeding anniversary of that day,
with the prevalent desire of perpetuating a feud, the citizens marched
out to Cullenswood with banners displayed--"a terror to the native
Irish." In 1216 Magna Carta, a copy of which is to be found in the Red
Book of the Exchequer, was granted to the Irish by Henry III. In 1217
the fee farm of the city was granted to the citizens at a rent of 200
marks per annum; and about this period many monastic buildings were
founded. In 1227 the same monarch confirmed the charter of John fixing
the city boundaries and the jurisdiction of its magistrates.

During the invasion of Ireland by Edward Bruce in 1315 some of the
suburbs of Dublin were burnt to prevent them from falling into his hand.
The inroad of Bruce had been countenanced by the native Irish
ecclesiastics, whose sentiments were recorded in a statement addressed
to Pope John XXII. Some notion of the defence made against Bruce's
invasion may be gained from the fact that the churches were torn down to
supply stones for the building of the city walls. Bruce had seized
Greencastle on his march; but the natives re-took the town, and brought
to Dublin the governor who had yielded to Bruce. He was starved to
death.

Richard II. erected Dublin into a marquisate in favour of Robert de
Vere, whom he also created duke of Ireland. The same monarch entered
Dublin in 1394 with 30,000 bowmen and 4000 cavalry, bringing with him
the cro