maintained at Claremont, near Glasnevin (1816).
The plan of the Royal hospital, for old and maimed soldiers, was first
suggested by the earl of Essex, when lord-lieutenant, and carried into
effect through the repeated applications of the duke of Ormond to
Charles II. The site chosen for it was that of the ancient priory of
Kilmainham, founded by Strongbow for Knights Templars. The building,
completed in 1684, according to a plan of Sir Christopher Wren, is an
oblong, three sides of which are dwelling-rooms, connected by covered
corridors. The fourth contains the chapel, the dining-hall, and the
apartments of the master, who is always the commander of the forces for
the time being. The Royal Hibernian military school in Phoenix Park
(1765) provides for soldiers' orphan sons. The Drummond Institution,
Chapelizod, for the orphan daughters of soldiers, was established in
1864 by John Drummond, alderman, who left L20,000 to found the asylum.
The Hibernian Marine Society for the maintenance of seamen's sons was
established in the city in 1766, but now has buildings at Clontarf. The
Roman Catholic Church has charge of a number of special charities, some
of them educational and some for the relief of suffering.

_History._--The name of Dublin signifies the "Black pool." The early
history is mainly legendary. It is recorded that the inhabitants of
Leinster were defeated by the people of Dublin in the year 291.
Christianity was introduced by St Patrick about 450. In the 9th century
the Danes attacked Dublin and took it. The first Norseman who may be
reckoned as king was Thorkel I. (832), though the Danes had appeared in
the country as early as the close of the previous century. Thorkel
established himself strongly at Armagh. In 1014 Brian Boroihme, king of
Munster, attacked the enemy and fought the battle of Clontarf, in which
he and his son and 11,000 of his followers fell. The Irish, however, won
the battle, but the Danes reoccupied the city. Constant struggles with
the Irish resulted in intermissions of the Danish supremacy from 1052 to
1072, at various intervals between 1075 and 1118 and from 1124 to 1136.
The Danes were finally ousted by the Anglo-Normans in 1171. In 1172
Henry II. landed at Waterford, and came to Dublin and held his court
there in a pavilion of wickerwork where the Irish chiefs were
entertained with great pomp, and alliances entered into with them.
Previous to his departure for England, Henry bestowed the g