ere was
founded, in imitation of this enterprise of Philipon, the comic journal
which, under the title of _Punch, or the London Charivari_, has since
become famous all over the world. Among its early illustrators were John
Leech (1817-1864) and Richard Doyle (1824-1883), whose drawings were
full of the richest grotesque humour.

In 1862 Carlo Pellegrini, in _Vanity Fair_, began a series of portraits
of public men, which may be considered the most remarkable instances of
personal caricature in England.

For the later developments of caricature, it is convenient to take them
by countries in the following sections:--

_Great Britain_.--During the later 19th century the term caricature,
somewhat loosely used at all times, came gradually to cover almost
every form of humorous art, from the pictorial wit and wisdom of Sir
John Tenniel to the weird grotesques of Mr S.H. Sime, from the gay
pleasantries of Randolph Caldecott to the graceful but sedate fancies
of Mr Walter Crane. It is made to embrace alike the social studies,
satirical and sympathetic, of Du Maurier and Keene, the political
cartoons of Mr Harry Furniss and Sir F.C. Gould, the unextenuating
likenesses of "Ape," and "Spy," and "Max," the subtle conceits of Mr
Linley Sambourne, the whimsicalities of Mr E.T. Reed, the exuberant
burlesques of Mr J.F. Sullivan, the frank buffooneries of W.G. Baxter,
Of these diverse forms of graphic humour, some have no other object
than to amuse, and therefore do not call for serious notice. The work
of Mr Max Beerbohm ("Max") has the note of originality and
extravagance too; while that of "Spy" (Mr Leslie Ward) in _Vanity
Fair_, if it does not rival the occasional brilliancy of his
predecessor "Ape" (Carlo Pellegrini, 1839-1889), maintains a higher
average of merit. The pupil, too, is much more genial than the master,
and he is content if his pencil evokes the comment, "How ridiculously
like!" Caricature of this kind is merely an entertainment. Here we are
concerned rather with those branches of caricature which, merrily or
mordantly, reflect and comment upon the actual life we live. In
treating of recent caricature of this kind, we must give the first
place to _Punch_. Mr Punch's outlook upon life has not changed much
since the 'seventies of the last century. His influence upon the tone
of caricature made itself felt most appreciably in the days of John
Leech and Richard Doyl