e also short-lived.
To this brief list of purely comic or satirical journals should be
added the names of several daily and weekly publications--and among
monthlies the _Idler_, with its caricatures by Mr Scott Rankin, Mr
Sime and Mr Beerbohm--which have made a special feature of humorous
art. Among these are the _Graphic_, whose Christmas numbers were first
brightened by Randolph Caldecott; the _Daily Graphic_, enlivened
sometimes by Phil May and Mr A.S. Boyd; _Vanity Fair_, with its
grotesque portraits; _Truth_, to whose Christmas numbers Sir F.C.
Gould contributed some of his best and most ambitious work, printed in
colours; the _Sketch_, with Phil May and others; _Black and White_,
with Mr Henry Meyer; the _Pall Mall Gazette_, first with Sir F.C.
Gould, and later with Mr G.R. Halkett. The _St Stephen's Review_,
whose crudely powerful cartoons, the work of Tom Merry, were so
popular, ceased publication in 1892. A tribute should be paid in
conclusion to the coloured cartoons of the _Weekly Freeman_ and other
Irish papers, often remarkable for their humour and talent. (See also
CARTOON and ILLUSTRATION.)

_France_.--In that peculiar branch of art which is based on irony,
fun, oddity and wit, and in which Honore Daumier (1808-1879), next to
"Gavarni" (1804-1866), remains the undisputed master, France--as has
already been shown--can produce an unbroken series of draughtsmen of
strong individuality. Though "Cham" died in 1879, Eugene Giraud in
1881, "Randon" in 1884, "Andre Gill" in 1885, "Marcelin" in 1887,
Edouard de Beaumont in 1888, Lami in 1891, Alfred Grevin in 1892, and
"Stop" in 1899, a new group arose under the leadership of "Nadar" (b.
1820) and Etienne Carjat (b. 1828). Mirthful or satirical, and less
philosophical than of yore, neglecting history for incident, and
humanity for the puppets of the day, their drawings, which illustrate
daily events, will perpetuate the manner and anecdotes of the time,
though the illustrations to newspapers, or prints which need a
paragraph of explanation, show nothing to compare with the _Propos de
Thomas Virelocque_ by "Gavarni." Quantity perhaps makes up for
quality, and some of these artists deserve special mention. "Draner"
(b. 1833) and "Henriot" (b. 1857) are journalists, carrying on the
method first introduced by "Cham" in the _Univers Illustre_: realistic
sketches, with no purpose beyond the droll il