riginality, dwelling not only on the aesthetic but on the
essentially pessimistic side of satiric art); _English Caricaturists
and Graphic Humorists of the Nineteenth Century_, by Graham Everitt
(i.e. William Rodgers Richardson), (4to, London, 1886), (a careful and
interesting survey); _La Caricature en Angleterre_, by Augustin Filva
(8vo, Paris, 1902), (an able criticism from the point of view of
psycho-sociology); _The History of Punch_, by M.H. Spielmann (8vo,
London, 1895), (dealing with caricature art of England during the
half-century covered by the book); _Magazine of Art_, passim, for
biographies of English caricaturists--"Our Graphic Humorists"; _Social
Pictorial Satire_, by George du Maurier (12mo, London, 1898); _Les
Moeurs et la caricature en France_, by J. Grand-Carteret (8vo, Paris,
1885); _La Caricature et l'humeur francais au XIXe siecle_, by Raoul
Deberdt (8vo, Paris); _Les Maitres de la caricature francaise en XIXe
siecle_, by Armand Dayot (Paris); _Nos humoristes_, by Ad. Brisson
(4to, Paris, 1900); _Les Moeurs et la caricature en Allemagne, &c._,
by J. Grand-Carteret (8vo, Paris, 1885). See also biographies of
Charles Keene, H. Daumier, John Leech, &c., indicated under those
names. (M. H. S.)

CARIGARA, a town of the province of Leyte, island of Leyte, Philippine
Islands, on Carigara Bay, 22 m. W. of Tacloban, the capital. Pop. (1903)
19,488, including that of Capoocan (3106), annexed to Carigara in the
same year. Carigara is open to coast trade, exports large quantities of
hemp, raises much rice, and manufactures cotton and abaca fabrics. It
also has important fisheries.

CARIGNANO, a town of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Turin, 11 m. S.
by steam tramway from the town of Turin. Pop. (1901) town, 4672,
commune, 7104. It has a handsome church (S. Giovanni Battista) erected
in 1756-1766 by the architect Benedetto Alfieri di Sostegno (1700-1767),
uncle of the poet Alfieri. S. Maria delle Grazie contains the tomb of
Bianca Palaeologus, wife of Duke Charles I. of Savoy, at whose court
Bayard was brought up. The town passed into the hands of the counts of
Savoy in 1418.

Carignano was erected by Charles Emmanuel I. of Savoy into a
principality as an appanage for his third son, Thomas Francis
(1596-1656), whose descendant, Charles Albert, prince of Carignano,
became king of Sardinia on the extinction of the elder line of the house
of Savoy with th