ush (born 1842; died 1909). With even greater technical
resources, he poured forth a series of cartoons of remarkable evenness
of skill and interest; he soon left weekly for daily journalism. He
never won, single-handed, such a battle as Nast's, but his drawings
have a more general, perhaps a more lasting interest. When he left
_Harper's Weekly_ he was succeeded by W.A. Rogers, who composed many
ingenious and telling cartoons.

The vogue which, through Nast, _Harper's Weekly_ gave to caricature,
prepared the way for the first purely comic weekly paper, _Puck_,
founded by two Germans, and for long published in a German as well as
an English edition--a journal which has cast its influence generally
in favour of the Democratic party. It is worth noting that not only
the founders but the spirit of American caricature have been rather
German than English, the American comic papers more closely resembling
_Fliegende Blatter_, for example, than _Punch._ One of the founders of
_Puck_ was Joseph Keppler (1838-1894), long its chief caricaturist.

The Republican party soon found a champion in _Judge_, a weekly
satirical paper which resembles _Puck_ closely in its crudely coloured
pages, though somewhat broader and less ambitious in the spirit and
execution of its black-and-white illustrations. These two papers have
kept rather strictly to permanent staffs, and have furnished the
opening for many popular draughtsmen, such as Bernhard Gillam (d.
1896), and his brother, Victor; J.A. Wales (d. 1886); E. Zimmerman,
whose extremely plebeian and broadly treated types often obscure the
observation and Falstaffian humour displayed in them; Grant Hamilton;
Frederick Opper, for many years devoted to the trials of suburban
existence, and later concerned in combating the trusts; C.J. Taylor, a
graceful technician; H. Smith; Frank A. Nankivell, whose pretty
athletic girls are prone to attitudinizing; J. Mortimer Flagg; F.M.
Howarth; Mrs Frances O'Neill Latham, whose personages are singularly
well modelled and alive; and Miss Baker Baker, a skilful draughtswoman
of animals.

A stimulus to genuine art in caricature was given by the establishment
(1883) of the weekly _Life_, edited by J.A. Mitchell, a clever
draughtsman as well as an original writer. It is to this paper that
America owes the discovery and encouragement of its most remarkable
artist humorist, Charles Dana Gib