reedman) and became the client of his former master.

As Rome grew into commercial prominence, still another class of people
flocked into the city from foreign places, who might be called resident
foreigners, corresponding in general to the _Metics_ at Athens. Such
were many merchants and workmen of all trades. These all were supposed
to be under the protection of some patrician who acted as their patron.

These three classes, clients, slaves, and resident foreigners, were all
of a different race from the Romans. This should be constantly borne in
mind.

We have learned that Rome, as she grew in power, conquered many of the
Latin towns, and added their territory to hers. The inhabitants of these
towns were of the same race as the Romans, but were not allowed any of
their civil rights. Most of them were farmers and peasants. Many of them
were wealthy. This class of inhabitants on the _ager Romanus_, or in
Rome itself, were called Plebeians (_Plebs_, multitude). Their very name
shows that they must have been numerous. They belonged to no gens
or curia, but were free, and allowed to engage in trade and to own
property. In later times (from about 350) all who were not Patricians or
slaves were called Plebeians.

THE ARMY.

Until the time of Servius Tullius (about 550) the army was composed
entirely of patricians. It was called a Legio (a word meaning _levy_),
and numbered three thousand infantry called _milites_, from _mille_,
a thousand, one thousand being levied from each tribe. The cavalry
numbered three hundred at first, one hundred from each tribe, and was
divided into three companies called Centuries.

During the reign of Servius the demands of the plebeians, who had now
become numerous, for more rights, was met by the so called SERVIAN
reform of the constitution. Heretofore only the patricians had been
required to serve in the army. Now all males were liable to service. To
accomplish this, every one who was a land-owner, provided he owned two
acres, was enrolled and ranked according to his property. There were
five "Classes" of them. The several classes were divided into 193
subdivisions called "Centuries," each century representing the same
amount of property. In the first class there were forty centuries in
active service, composed of men under forty-six, forty centuries of
reserve, and eighteen centuries of cavalry.

In the second, third, and fourth classes there were twenty centuries
each, ten in active