hungry eyes upon GALLIA CISALPINA. The
appetite for conquest was well whetted. There had been peace with the
Gauls since the battle of Lake Vadimonis in 283. The _ager publicus_,
taken from the Gauls then, was still mostly unoccupied. In 232 the
Tribune Gaius Flaminius (Footnote: Gaius Flaminius, by his agrarian laws
gained the bitter hatred of the nobility. He was the first Governor of
Sicily, and there showed himself to be a man of integrity and honesty,
a great contrast to many who succeeded him.) carried an agrarian law,
to the effect that this land be given to the veterans and the poorer
classes. The law was executed, and colonies planted. To the Gauls
this seemed but the first step to the occupation of the whole of their
country. They all rose in arms except the Cenomani.

This contest continued for ten years, and in 225 Etruria was invaded by
an army of 70,000 men. The plans of the invaders, however, miscarried,
and they were hemmed in between two Roman armies near TELAMON in 222,
and annihilated. The Gallic king was slain at the hands of the Consul
MARCUS CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS. PAGE 61 Rome was now mistress of the whole
peninsula of Italy, excepting some tribes in Liguria, who resisted a
short time longer.

Three _military_ (Latin) colonies were founded to hold the Gauls in
check; PLACENTIA and CREMONA in the territory of the Insubres, and
MUTINA in that of the Boii. The _Via Flaminia_, the great northern road,
was extended from SPOLETIUM to ARIMINUM. (Footnote: During this period
the _Comitia Centuriata_ was reorganized on the basis of tribes (35)
instead of money.)

Meanwhile Carthage was not idle. After subduing the revolt of the
mercenaries in 237, she formed the project of obtaining SPAIN as
compensation for the loss of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. Hamilcar
Barca, by energetic measures, established (236-228) a firm foothold in
Southern and Southeastern Spain.

At his death, his son-in-law, Hasdrubal, continued his work. Many towns
were founded, trade prospered, and agriculture flourished. The discovery
of rich silver mines near Carthago Nova was a means of enriching the
treasury. After the assassination of Hasdrubal, in 220, the ablest
leader was Hannibal, son of Hamilcar. Although a young man of but
twenty-eight, he had had a life of varied experience. As a boy he had
shown great courage and ability in camp under his father. He was a fine
athlete, well educated in the duties of a soldier, and could end