and Bruttium. The punishment inflicted upon Capua was
severe. Seventy of her Senators were killed, three hundred of her chief
citizens imprisoned, and the whole people sold as slaves. The city and
its territory were declared to be Roman territory, and the place was
afterwards repeopled by Roman occupants.

Such was the fate of this famous city. Founded in as early times as Rome
itself, it became the most flourishing city of Magna Graecia, renowned
for its luxury and refinement, and as the home of all the highest arts
and culture.

AFFAIRS IN SICILY.

HIERO II., tyrant of Syracuse, died in 216. During his long reign of
more than fifty years he had been the stanch friend and ally of Rome in
her struggles with Carthage. Hieronymus, the grandson and successor of
Hiero, thought fit to ally himself with Carthage. The young tyrant, who
was arrogant and cruel, was assassinated after reigning a few months.

The Roman Governor of Sicily, MARCELLUS, troubled by the Carthaginian
faction in Syracuse, threatened the city with an attack unless the
leaders of this faction were expelled. In return, they endeavored to
arouse the citizens of the neighboring city of Leontini against Rome
and the Roman party in Syracuse. Marcellus at once attacked and stormed
Leontini. The Syracusans then closed their city gates against him. A
siege of two years (214-212) followed, famous for the various devices
adopted by the noted mathematician ARCHIMEDES (Footnote: Archimedes was
a great investigator in the science of mathematics. He discovered the
ratio of a sphere to its circumscribed cylinder. One of his famous
sayings was, "Give me where to stand, and I will move the world." He
exerted his ingenuity in the invention of powerful machines for the
defence of Syracuse. Eight of his works on mathematics are in existence.
He was killed at the close of the siege by a Roman soldier, who would
have spared his life had he not been too intent on a mathematical
problem to comply with the summons to surrender. On his tombstone, it
is said, was engraved a cylinder enclosing a sphere.) to defeat the
movements of the Romans. The city was finally betrayed by a Spanish
officer, and given up to plunder. The art treasures in which it was so
rich were conveyed by Marcellus to Rome. From this time (212) the city
became a part of the province of Sicily and the head-quarters of the
Roman Governor.

THE CAMPAIGNS IN SPAIN.

PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO, with his brot