curses in
Morocco, in _Anthropological Essays_, addressed to E. B.
Tylor, p. 360.

[435] "Abate their pride, assuage their malice, and
confound their devices." I well remember hearing this
read in church throughout the Crimean war.

[436] "Pro republica Quiritium," in the formula quoted
above.

[437] Livy viii. 10 _ad fin._

[438] See above, note 28.

[439] See Marquardt, p. 276 and notes; Mommsen,
_Strafrecht_, 900 foll. The subject has generally been
treated from the legal point of view rather than the
religious; but from the religious point of view it has
generally been assumed that the sacrifice was to appease
the god. So no doubt it was; but I venture also to
conjecture that the victim was _vicarius_ for the
contamination of the community. On the subject generally
Westermarck's two chapters on human sacrifice and
blood-revenge (xix. and xx. in vol. i.) are extremely
well worth reading.

[440] _Aen._ i. 607 foll. Cp. _Aen._ iii. 429--

praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni
cessantem, longos et circumflectere cursus,

where the slow movement and circuitous course of a
lustratio must have been in Virgil's mind. The movement
round an object for lustral purposes is seen in _Aen._
vi. 229, "idem ter socios pura circumtulit unda," where
Servius explains _circumtulit_ by _purgavit_. As early
as Livius Andronicus (second century B.C.) we find
"classem lustratur" of fishes swimming round a fleet
(Ribb. _Trag. Fragmenta_, p. 1).

[441] Marquardt, p. 324, for the _februa_ of the
Luperci, _R.F._ p. 320 foll., and the explanations there
given. More will be found alluded to in Van Gennep, _Les
Rites de passage_, p. 249. To my mind none are quite
convincing. The Romans believed that blows with these
_februa_ (strips of the victim's skin) made women
fertile; they were therefore clearly magical implements,
but beyond this we do not seem to get. (See also Deubner
in _Archiv_, 1910, p. 495 foll.)

[442] Varro, _L.L._ vi. 13, "Februum Sabini purgamentum,
et id in sacris nostris verbum." Cp. Varro, _ap.
Nonium_, p. 114; Ovid, _Fasti_, ii. 19 foll., where he
calls _februa piamina, purgamenta_, in the language of
the _ius divinum_.

[443] _L.L._ vi. 11.

[444] Servius, _ad Aen._ x. 32; xi. 842; cp. i. 136.

[445] See _