ab alto").

[528] This was in a _contio_: "Cum Gracchus deos
inciperet precari." See above, Lecture VII. note 13.

[529] See _R.F._ p. 74 foll.; Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 243.
For the relation of the pomoerium to the wall, see
above, p. 94.

[530] The process is amusingly explained by Carter in
_The Religion of Numa_, p. 72 foll.

[531] _R.F._ p. 75.

[532] See Aust, _De aedibus sacris P.R._, passim.

[533] Lately this has been denied by Pais, _Storia di
Roma_, i. 339.

[534] Pliny, _N.H._ 35, 154.

[535] I owe the information to my friend Prof. Percy
Gardner.

[536] See Carter, _op. cit._ p. 66; but I am not sure
that his reasons are conclusive.

[537] Diels, _Sibyllinische Blaetter_, p. 6 foll., and
cp. 79.

[538] It should be noted that the cult of Apollo in Rome
was older than the introduction of Sibylline influence;
so at least it is generally assumed. Wissowa, however
(_R.K._ p. 239), puts it as "gleichzeitig." The date of
the Apollinar in pratis Flaminiis, the oldest Apolline
fanum in Rome (outside pomoerium), is unknown; that of
the temple on the same site was 431 (Livy iv. 25 and
29). There is little doubt that the Apollo-cult spread
from Cumae northwards, and was by this time well
established in Italy. (The foundation of the temple of
431, consisting of opus quadratum, still in part
survives: Huelsen-Jordan, _Rom. Topographie_, iii. 535).

[539] Heracleitus, _fragm._ xii., ed. Bywater.

[540] _Phaedrus_, p. 244.

[541] So Korte in Pauly-Wissowa, _Real-Encycl._, _s.v._
"Etrusker."

[542] The present tendency is to take the plebs as
representing an older population of Latium before the
arrival of the patricians; see, _e.g._, Binder, _Die
Plebs_, p. 358 foll. But the plebs of later days is not
to be explained on one hypothesis only.

[543] _e.g._ in religious matters the _duoviri aedi
dedicandae_; Mommsen, _Staatsrecht_, ii. 601 foll.

[544] Carter, _Religion of Numa_, p. 77 foll. It is
uncertain whether there was a Roman Mercurius of earlier
origin, or whether the name Mercurius (_i.e._ concerned
in trade) was a new invention to avoid using the Greek
name, as in the case of the trias Ceres, Liber, Libera.

[545] Carter, _op. cit._ 81. The connection of this
Poseidon-Neptunus and Hermes-Mercurius is con