s for hostility of, to office-holding clique and the National
Bank, 57;
causes leading to introduction of spoils system by, 57, 59-60;
error of views of, 60-61;
the first body of Americans genuinely democratic in feeling, 61-62;
the true point of view in studying the, 63-65;
reason for triumph of, over Whigs, 69-70;
attitude of, toward slavery, 73-74, 84;
in 1850 Stephen A. Douglas becomes leader of, 84;
rally to Lincoln's standard, 86;
made to understand for the first time by Lincoln that American
nationality is a living principle, 88.

Direct primaries,
fallacy of system of, 342-343.

Disarmament,
undesirability of, under present conditions in Europe, 257;
a partial, would be fatal, 264.

Discrimination,
democracy and, 185-193;
class, in certain legislative acts, 191-192;
constructive, 193 ff.

Distribution of wealth,
improvement in, 209-210;
in France, 244-245;
equalization of, by graduated inheritance tax, 381-385.

Divorces,
the matter of, 346.

Douglas, Stephen. A., 84-86, 281.

E

Economic liberty of the individual, 201-206.

Economy, national _vs._ international, 235.

Education,
chaotic condition of American system of, 318;
opportunity for state activities concerning, 346;
individual _vs._ collective, 399 ff.;
is the real vehicle of improvement, by which the American is trained
for his democracy, 400;
American faith in, characterized by superstition, 400-402;
popular interest in, does not give importance to the word of the
educated man, 403;
what constitutes the real education of the individual, 403-405;
efficiency of national, similarly, depends on a nation's ability to
profit by experience, 405;
education of the individual cannot accomplish the work of collective
national, 407;
value of a reform movement for, 408;
the work of collective, not complete in itself, but followed by certain
implications, 428.

Elzbacher, O., quoted, 235.

Emancipation,
conditions of individual, 409 ff.;
attempts at individual, 421 ff.;
means of individual, 427 ff.

Embargo,
Jefferson's policy of commercial, 42;
disapproved by Jackson and Western Democrats, 53.

England,
faith of Englishmen in, 2;
an early example of political efficiency found in, 217;
increase of national efficiency of, by attention strictly to her own
affairs, 219;
national development of, as contrast