ation, 139;
part to be played in individual emancipation by, 427-441.

Spoils system,
causes of introduction of, 57, 59-60;
effect of, opposite of that intended, 60-61;
civil service reform and the, 143.

"Square deal," Roosevelt's, 20, 151, 172.

Standard of living,
a constantly higher, for wage-earners, 206;
labor unions an effective machinery for raising, 387.

Standard Oil Company,
attempted regulation of, by various states, 355.

Standards,
in scientific work and in liberal or practical arts, 434-435;
acquirement of authentic, 435-436;
of technical excellence, 436-437;
only way of improving popular, for men of higher standards, 443-444.

State,
development of the national, 215 ff.;
increasing political efficiency of, shown to be proportioned to
responsible exercise of powers, 217-220.

State governments,
reorganization of, in democratic spirit, after Revolutionary War, 31;
lack of success of American, 317;
failure of criminal and civil courts, 318;
chaotic condition of tax systems and educational systems, 318-319;
incompetent and frequently dishonest financial and economic
legislation, 319;
fault lies partly in existing standards of morality, but in part
also is result of unwise organization, 319;
demand for reorganization of, 319-320;
movement in favor of initiative and referendum in, 320, 327-328;
wrong diagnosis of causes of legislative corruption and incompetence,
320-321;
reasons for failure of, 321 ff.;
disadvantages of system of checks and balances in, 323-324;
failure of, to be imputed chiefly to lack of a centralized responsible
organization, 324;
improvement in legislatures necessary, 326-329;
plan suggested for improvement of, 328-331;
administrative reform in, 333 ff.;
maintenance of order by, 344;
reorganization of criminal laws by, 344-345;
improvement of prisons and insane asylums by, 345;
possible activities of, in relation to labor, educational questions,
etc., 346;
method of attaining their maximum usefulness, 347;
relation of, to cities, 347-349;
questions such as regulation of commerce, control of corporations,
distribution of wealth, and prevention of poverty outside of field
of activities of, 350;
domination of railroads in, 352-353;
interference of, with railroad, insurance, and other corporations,
353-355.

Steffens, Lincoln, 163.

Sterili