fore the Austrians. Furious counterattacks
were delivered by the Russians at Halicz and Jezupol, the
bridgeheads of the southern bank of the Dniester. If the Austrians
could not force a victory at these points, their position in
Stanislawow would be untenable, since the Russians still had a clear
road to pour reenforcements into the fighting area between the
Dniester and the Carpathians. On March 1, 1915, the Austrians were
defeated at Halicz in a pitched battle, and on the 4th the Russians
reentered Stanislawow. According to their official communique the
Russians captured nearly 19,000 prisoners, 5 guns, 62 machine guns,
and a quantity of stores and munitions. About March 16 the opposing
forces came again into touch southeast of Stanislawow on the road to
Ottynia, but nothing of importance appears to have happened. To sum up
the results of the Germanic offensive, we must remember what the
objectives were. Of the latter, none was attained. The Russians had
not been expelled from Galicia; Przemysl was no nearer to relief than
before, and Lemberg had not been retaken. With the exception of Dukla
and Lupkow, all the passes were in Austrian hands; but the Russians
dominated the northern debouchments of all of them excepting
Jablonitza.

CHAPTER XXXVIII

FALL OF PRZEMYSL

The town and fortress of Przemysl formally surrendered to the Russian
General Selivanoff on Monday, March 22, 1915. The first investment
began at the early stages of the war in September, 1914. On the 27th
of that month the Russian generalissimo announced that all
communications had been cut off. By October 15, 1914, the Russian
investment had been broken again, and for a matter of three weeks,
while the road was open, more troops, provisions, arms, and munitions
were rushed to the spot. As we have seen, however, the Russians
recovered their lost advantage, for, after the fall of Jaroslav, the
fortress to the north of Przemysl, their troops were hurried up from
east, north, and west, and within a few days the Austrians were sent
back along the whole front. From the region of Przemysl three
railroads cross the Carpathians to Budapest, along all of which the
Russians had pushed vigorously, besides advancing on the west. As
regarded railroad communications, the fate of Przemysl was sealed by
the capture of Chyrow, an important junction about twenty miles south
of the fortress. Przemysl itself was important as a road junction and
as a connecting li