ong the Dniester in the north, the
Pruth in the south, and over the hills in the center against the
village of Szubraniec. Here the Russians once more inflicted severe
losses on the Austrians, but being in danger from a flanking movement
by the Forty-second Croatian Infantry through the Dniester forests,
they retired from the Bukowina on to Russian territory on June 12,
1915.

CHAPTER XLVII

CAPTURE OF LEMBERG

The capture of Przemysl and of Stryj terminates the second stage of
the Austro-German offensive in Galicia. The third stage may be
described as the battle for Lemberg, or Lwow. Lemberg is the ancient
capital of Galicia, and formerly bore the name of Lwow. The Austrians
many years ago had changed it to "Lemberg." When the Russians captured
the town on September 3, 1914, they had given it back the old Slavonic
name, which, however, was destined soon to be transformed back again
into the more pronounceable appellation of "Lemberg."

It is estimated that between April 28, 1915, and the recapture of
Przemysl the Russian forces in Galicia had been diminished by at least
a quarter of a million casualties. The heaviest losses occurred among
Dmitrieffs troops in the first days of May, 1915, but in the battles
on the San, at the close of the month, the forces of Von Mackensen's
"phalanx" were also greatly reduced. Along the entire Galician front,
it is computed that quite 600,000 Austro-German troops were put out of
action.

While the fight for Przemysl was in full swing an important event of
the war occurred--Italy joined the enemies of Austria on May 3, 1915;
the Dual Monarchy had now to defend her western frontier as well.
Dankl and Von Bojna were transferred to the Italian front with a
considerable portion of their Galician troops. A general
redistribution of units was effected among the Austrian and German
armies. The army of the Archduke Joseph Ferdinand was held along the
lower San as far as Sieniava. Von Mackensen was advancing east of
Jaroslav along the railway toward Rawa-Ruska. Boehm-Ermolli was
fighting on the road to Lemberg from Mosciska. An army under Count
Bothmer was operating near the Dniester marshes, beyond which, farther
south, a group of armies under Von Linsingen (mainly German) had
forced the passage of the Dniester at Zuravno, and was trying to
advance on Lemberg and catch Ivanoff's main forces on the flank. This
last movement, if successful, would be the most effective method of
cr