d
on June 14, 1915. The same night the Archduke Joseph Ferdinand's
entire army was slowly wheeling from the San toward the Tanev, facing
due north.

On June 16, 1915, the left of this line was already inside the borders
of Russian Poland, and its right wing along the entire Tanev front. By
June 16 numerous towns and villages were taken by the Germans. The
Wolff Telegraphic Bureau announced that Von Mackensen's army had
captured 40,000 men and 69 machine guns, which undoubtedly referred to
all the Galician groups, for on June 12, 1915, Von Mackensen had
"replaced" the Archduke Frederick as generalissimo of the
Austro-Hungarian armies. The "phalanx" was pressing against
Rawa-Ruska, Magierow, and Janov; Boehm-Ermolli against Grodek, part of
which he captured by a midnight assault on June 16. In five weeks the
Russian line or front in Galicia had shrunk from 300 miles to about
100. Before Dunajec, when it was united with the northern groups, it
had represented the longest battle line in the history of the world.

The Russians began to evacuate Lemberg about June 17, 1915, the day
Von Mackensen's right entered Javorov. On the 19th his advance guard
was approaching Rawa-Ruska. Boehm-Ermolli was meanwhile undergoing
severe punishment near Komarno, where an Austrian advance force
endeavored to get through the Grodek Lakes. The Russian artillery
drove them back; for three days there were furious bayonet and cavalry
charges and counter-charges; despite the most terrific bombardments
the Austrian attacks were broken by the desperate Russians. On this
occasion, at least, the Russians were well supplied with shells
hurriedly sent by rail from Kiev, which enabled them to repulse the
Austrians on the lakes. Boehm-Ermolli is said to have lost half of his
effectives in his attempt to penetrate through Grodek and Dornfeld,
fifteen miles south of Lemberg.

Von Mackensen again came to the rescue by making a great turning
movement in the district of Zolkiev, about sixteen miles north of
Lemberg, and attacking the Russian positions about Janov, forcing the
Russians over the hills and the Rawa-Ruska railway to Zolkiev. His
left wing, resting on Lubaczov, swung northward in a wheeling movement
to envelop Rawa-Ruska. But the Russians intercepted the move;
ferocious encounters and Cossack charges threw the Germans back to
their pivot with heavy losses on both sides. Von Mackensen's center,
however, was too strong, and Ivanoff desired no pitc