le, the legations at Teheran, Athens or Morocco, or at one
of H.B.M. consulates. As assistants they receive L300 a year. The
consuls, the highest post to which they can reach, receive in the
Levant from L500 to L1600 a year. The civil services of Ceylon,
Hong-Kong, the Straits Settlements, and the Malay Peninsula are
supplied by the Eastern cadetships. The limits of age for the
examination are 18 and 24. The cadets are required to learn the native
language of the colony or dependency to which they are assigned. In
the case of the Straits Settlements and Malay cadets they may have to
learn Chinese or Tamil, as well as the native language. The salaries
are: passed cadets, 3500 rupees per annum, gradually increasing until
first-class officers receive from 12,000 to 18,000 rupees per annum.
They are allowed three months' vacation on full pay in two years, and
leave of absence on half-pay after six years' service, or before that
if urgently needed. They can retire for ill-health after ten years
with fifteen-sixtieths of their annual salary. Otherwise they can add
one-sixtieth of their annual salary to their pension for every
additional year's service up to thirty-five years' service.

In spite of the general rule of open competition, there are still a few
departments where the system of _nomination_ obtains, accompanied by a
severe test of knowledge, either active or implied. Such are the foreign
office, British Museum, and board of education.

The employment of women in the civil service has been principally
developed in the post office. Women are employed in the post office as
female clerks, counter clerks, telegraphists, returners, sorters and
post-mistresses all over the United Kingdom. The board of agriculture,
the customs and the India office employ women. The department of
agriculture, the board of education generally, the local government
board, all to a certain extent employ women, whilst in the home office
there are an increasing number of women inspectors of workshops and
factories.

In 1881 the postmaster-general took a decided step in favour of female
employment, and with the consent of the treasury instituted female
clerkships. Female clerks do not come in contact with the public.
Their duties are purely clerical, and entirely in the
accountant-general's department at the savings bank. Their leave is
one month per annum; their pension is on the ordinary civil serv