ing the alluvial or carse lands in the valleys of the Forth and
Devon. Still farther to the N. the Ochil hills form a picturesque
feature in the landscape, having their generally verdant surface broken
by bold projecting rocks and deeply indented ravines. The principal
summits are within the limits of the shire, among them Ben Cleuch (2363
ft.), King's Seat (2111 ft.), Whitewisp (2110 ft.), the Law (above
Tillicoultry, 2094 ft.) and Blairdenon (2072 ft.), on the northern
slope, in which the river Devon takes its rise. The rivers of importance
are the Devon and the Black or South Devon. The former, noted in the
upper parts for its romantic scenery and its excellent trout-fishing,
runs through the county near the base of the Ochils, and falls into the
Forth at the village of Cambus, after a winding course of 33 m.,
although as the crow flies its source is only 5 1/4 m. distant. The
Black Devon, rising in the Cleish Hills, flows westwards in a direction
nearly parallel to that of the Devon, and falls into the Forth near
Clackmannan. It supplies motive power to numbers of mills and
collieries; and its whole course is over coal strata. The Forth is
navigable as far as it forms the boundary of the county, and ships of
500 tons burden run up as far as Alloa. The only lake is Gartmorn, 1 m.
long by about 1/3 of a mile broad, which has been dammed in order to
furnish water to Alloa and power to mills. The Ochils are noted for the
number of their glens. Though these are mostly small, they are well
wooded and picturesque, and those at Menstrie, Alva, Tillicoultry and
Dollar are particularly beautiful.

_Geology._--This county is divided geologically into two areas, the
boundary line skirting the southern margin of the Ochils and running
westwards from a point north of Dollar by Alva in the direction of
Airthrev in Stirlingshire. The northern portion forms part of the
volcanic range of the Ochils which belongs to the Old Red Sandstone
period, and consists of a great succession of lavas--basalts and
andesites--with intercalations of tuff and agglomerate. As the rocks
dip gently towards the north and form the highest ground in the county
they must reach a great thickness. They are pierced by small intrusive
masses of diorite, north of Tillicoultry House. The well-marked
feature running E. and W. along the southern base of the Ochils
indicates a line of fault or dislocation which abruptly truncates the
Lower