Marshall lands including the Kilkenny estates in
Ireland. Richard's successor, Gilbert, the "Red" earl, died in 1295, the
most powerful subject in the kingdom.

On his death his earldoms seem to have been somewhat mysteriously deemed
to have passed to his widow Joan, daughter of Edward I.; for her second
husband, Ralph de Monthermer, was summoned to parliament in right of
them from 1299 to 1306. After her death, however, in 1307, Earl
Gilbert's son and namesake was summoned in 1308 as earl of Gloucester
and Hertford, though only sixteen. A nephew of Edward II. and
brother-in-law of Gaveston, he played a somewhat wavering part in the
struggle between the king and the barons. Guardian of the realm in 1311
and regent in 1313, he fell gloriously at Bannockburn (June 24th, 1314),
when only twenty-three, rushing on the enemy "like a wild boar, making
his sword drunk with their blood."

The earl was the last of his mighty line, and his vast possessions in
England (in over twenty counties), Wales and Ireland fell to his three
sisters, of whom Elizabeth, the youngest, wife of John de Burgh,
obtained the "Honour of Clare" and transmitted it to her son William de
Burgh, 3rd earl of Ulster, whose daughter brought it to Lionel, son of
King Edward III., who was thereupon created duke of Clarence, a title
associated ever since with the royal house. The "Honour of Clare,"
vested in the crown, still preserves a separate existence, with a court
and steward of its own.

Clare College, Cambridge, derived its name from the above Elizabeth,
"Lady of Clare," who founded it as Clare Hall in 1347.

Clare County in Ireland derives its name from the family, though whether
from Richard Strongbow, or from Thomas de Clare, a younger son, who had
a grant of Thomond in 1276, has been deemed doubtful.

Clarenceux King of Arms, an officer of the Heralds' College, derives his
style, through Clarence, from Clare.

See J.H. Round's _Geoffrey de Mandeville, Feudal England, Commune of
London_, and _Peerage Studies_; also his "Family of Clare" in _Arch.
Journ._ lvi., and "Origin of Armorial Bearings" in Ib. li.;
Parkinson's "Clarence, the origin and bearers of the title," in _The
Antiquary_, v.; Clark's "Lords of Glamorgan" in _Arch. Journ._ xxxv.;
Planche's "Earls of Gloucester" in _Journ. Arch. Assoc._ xxvi.;
Dugdale's _Baronage_, vol. i., and _Monasticon Anglicanum_; G.E.
C[okayne]'s _Complete Peerage_. (J. H. R.)

CLARE,