rid, 1889).
Reproductions in black and white in Juan F. Riano, _Critical and
Bibliog. Notes on Early Spanish Music_ (London, 1887). See also K.
Schlesinger, op. cit. fig. 167, p. 223, also boat-shaped citterns,
figs. 155 and 156, p. 197. Cittern with woman's head, 15th century,
on one of six bas-reliefs on the under parts of the seats of the
choir of the Priory church, Great Malvern, reproduced in J. Carter's
_Ancient Sculptures_, &c., vol. ii. pl. following p. 12. Another
without a head, ibid. pl. following p. 16, from a brass monumental
plate in St Margaret's, King's Lynn.

[11] _Historia utriusque Cosmi_ (Oppenheim, ed. 1617) i. 226.

CITY (through Fr. _cite_, from Lat. _civitas_). In the United Kingdom,
strictly speaking, "city" is an honorary title, officially applied to
those towns which, in virtue of some preeminence (e.g. as episcopal
sees, or great industrial centres), have by traditional usage or royal
charter acquired the right to the designation. In the United Kingdom the
official style of "city" does not necessarily involve the possession of
municipal power greater than those of the ordinary boroughs, nor indeed
the possession of a corporation at all (e.g. Ely). In the United States
and the British colonies, on the other hand, the official application of
the term "city" depends on the kind and extent of the municipal
privileges possessed by the corporations, and charters are given raising
towns to the rank of cities. Both in France and England the word is used
to distinguish the older and central nucleus of some of the large towns,
e.g. the _Cite_ in Paris, and the "square mile" under the jurisdiction
of the lord mayor which is the "City of London."

In common usage, however, the word implies no more than a somewhat vague
idea of size and dignity, and is loosely applied to any large centre of
population. Thus while, technically, the City of London is quite small,
London is yet properly described as the largest city in the world. In
the United States this use of the word is still more loose, and any
town, whether technically a city or not, is usually so designated, with
little regard to its actual size or importance.

It is clear from the above that the word "city" is incapable of any very
clear and inclusive definition, and the attempt to show that
historically it possesses a meaning that clearly differentiates it from
"town" or "borough" has led to some contro