ior. It is customary to employ one member of the circuit on the side
on which the counsel comes special. Certain rules have been drawn up by
the Bar Committee for regulating the practice as to retainers on
circuit. (1) A special retainer must be given for a particular assize (a
circuit retainer will not, however, make it compulsory upon counsel
retained to go the circuit, but will give the right to counsel's
services should he attend the assize and the case be entered for trial);
(2) if the venue is changed to another place on the same circuit, a
fresh retainer is not required; (3) if the action is not tried at the
assize for which the retainer is given, the retainer must be renewed for
every subsequent assize until the action is disposed of, unless a brief
has been delivered; (4) a retainer may be given for a future assize,
without a retainer for an intervening assize, unless notice of trial is
given for such intervening assize. There are also various regulations
enforced by the discipline of the circuit bar mess.

In the United States the English circuit system still exists in some
states, as in Massachusetts, where the judges sit in succession in the
various counties of the state. The term _circuit courts_ applies
distinctively in America to a certain class of inferior federal courts
of the United States, exercising jurisdiction, concurrently with the
state courts, in certain matters where the United States is a party to
the litigation, or in cases of crime against the United States. The
circuit courts act in nine judicial circuits, divided as follows: _1st
circuit_, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island; _2nd
circuit_, Connecticut, New York, Vermont; _3rd circuit_, Delaware, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania; _4th circuit_, Maryland, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia; _5th circuit_, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas; _6th circuit_, Kentucky,
Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee; _7th circuit_, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin;
_8th circuit_, Arkansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
Wyoming; _9th circuit_, Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Hawaii. A circuit court of appeals is
made up of three judges of the circuit court, the judges of the district
courts of the circuit, and the judge of the Supreme Court allotted to
the circuit.

In Scotland the judges of the su