ctive and 100,000 non-effective men, 250,000 in all,
at an annual expense of from seventy to eighty millions of dollars.

Russia, with a population of about seventy millions, supports an active
army of 632,000 men, with an immense reserve, at an expense of about
$65,000,000, out of a general budget of $90,000,000; that is, the
expense of her military establishment is to her whole budget as 7 to 10.

Austria, with a population of thirty-five millions, has an organized
peace establishment of 370,000, (about 250,000 in active service,) and
a reserve of 260,000, at an expense of $36,000,000, out of a general
budget of $100,000,000.

Prussia, with a population of about fifteen millions, has from 100,000
to 120,000 men in arms, with a reserve of 200,000, at an annual expense
of more than $18,000,000, out of a general budget of about $38,000,000.

France, with a population of near thirty-five millions, supports a
permanent establishment of about 350,000 men, at an expense of seventy
or eighty millions of dollars, out of a total budget of $280,000,000.
France has long supported a permanent military force of from
one-hundredth to one hundred-and-tenth of her population, at an expense
of from one-fourth to one-fifth of her whole budget. The following
table, copied from the "Spectateur Militaire," shows the state of the
army at six different periods between 1788 and 1842. It omits, of
course, the extraordinary levies of the wars of the Revolution and of
the Empire.

_Table_.

Budget. Army.
Dates. Population. Remarks.

Of State. Of the Army. Peace War
Estab. Estab.
Livres. Livres. Men. Men.
1788 24,000,000 500,000,000 100,000,000 180,000 360,000
Francs. Francs. Ordinance of
1814 28,000,000 800,000,000 180,000,000 255,000 340,000 1814
Report of
1823 31,000,000 900,000,000 200,000,000 280,000 390,000 Minister
of War.
Report of
1830 32,000,000 1,000,000,000 220,000,000 312,000 500,000 Minister
of War.
1840 34,000,000