to
suppose that it has something to do with
feathers."--Becker's "Gallus," ii. p. 288. But see
Marquardt, "Handbuch d. Roem. Altert." vii. pt. 2, p.
523.

[344] "Plumarium qui acu aliquod depingit super
culcitris plumeis."--R. Steph., "Thesaur. Lat."

[345] See "The Funeral Tent of an Egyptian Queen," by
Villiers Stuart.

[346] See Auberville's "Tissus," Plate i.

[347] "Compte Rendu de la Commission Archeologique, St.
Petersburg, 1881." Pl. iii. pp. 112,119.

[348] In the British Museum is the lining of a shield
which shows the arms of Redvers, third Earl of Albemarle
(who died 1260), applied in different coloured silks.

[349] Lent by the Archaeological Museum at Madrid.

[350] Rees' Cyclopaedia speaks of embroideries "on the
stamp or stump," as being so named "when the figures are
high and prominent, supported by cotton, wool, or hair;"
also in "low and plain embroideries, without enrichment
between." He speaks of work "cut and laid on the cloth,
laid down with gold, enriched with tinsel and spangles."
Rees' Cyclopaedia, "Embroidery," 1819.

[351] "Opus consutum." The way in which this applied
work is used in India, for the special adornment of
horse-cloths, saddles, and girths, is very interesting.

[352] The chapter on "application," in the Handbook of
Embroidery of the Royal School of Art Needlework, will
be useful to those who need instruction in the most
practical, and therefore the quickest way of doing cut
work.

[353] Mrs. Palliser's "History of Lace." The origin of
needle-made lace-work is attributed by M. de Gheltof to
the necessity for disposing of the frayed edges of
worn-out garments. This I think somewhat fanciful.
_Fringes_ may have been so suggested.

[354] See M. Blanc's "Art in Ornament and Dress" (p.
200).

[355] Mrs. Bayman (late Superintendent in the School of
Art Needlework) writes thus: "I see no reason to doubt
that the word guipure is derived from 'guipa' or
'guiper,' a ribbon-weaver's term for spinning one thread
round another; and that guipure was originally more like
what we now call 'guimp,' or like 'point de Raguse,'
first being made of thread, of more or less thickness
and commoner material, wound round with a finer flax,
silk, or metal; then they cut shapes, bold scrolls, and
le