the parts
beneath. The worm is about 2 inches long and like a stout thread,
thicker toward the head than toward the tail, and with numerous little
conical elevations (papillae) around the head. The young worms are
numerous in the body of the adult female worm. The worm has become
common in given localities, and probably enters the system with feed or
water.

_Treatment_ is not satisfactory, but the affected surface should be kept
clean by sponging, and the pressure of harness on any affected part must
be avoided. Thus rest may become essential. The part may be frequently
washed with a strong solution of potassium sulphid.

SUMMER SORES FROM FILARIA IRRITANS.

The summer sores of horses (dermatitis granulosa, boils) have been
traced to the presence in the skin of another parasite, 3 millimeters in
length and extremely attenuated (_Filaria irritans_ Railliet). The sores
may be seen as small as a millet seed, but more frequently the size of a
pea, and may become an inch in diameter. They may appear on any point,
but are especially obnoxious where the harness presses or on the lower
parts of the limbs. They cause intense and insupportable itching, and
the victim rubs and bites the part until extensive raw surfaces are
produced. Aside from such friction the sore is covered by a
brownish-red, soft, pulpy material with cracks or furrows filled with
serous pus. In the midst of the softened mass are small, firm, rounded
granulations, fibrinous, and even caseated, and when the soft,
pultaceous material has been scraped off, the surface bears a
resemblance to the fine, yellow points of miliary tuberculosis in the
lung. The worm or its debris is found in the center of such masses.
These sores are very obstinate, resisting treatment for months in
summer, and even after apparent recovery during the cold season they may
appear anew the following summer. In bad cases the rubbing and biting
may cause exposure of synovial sacs and tendons, and cause irremediable
injury. Even in winter, however, when the diseased process seems
arrested, there remain the hard, firm, resistant patches of the skin
with points in which the diseased product has become softened like
cheese.

The apparent subsidence of the disease in winter is attributed to the
coldness and comparative bloodlessness of the skin, whereas in summer,
with high temperature, active circulation, and rapid cell growth,
inflammation is increased, itching follows, and from the an