ot rot." The soil being
rich in mineral matters is no doubt the cause of the outbreaks. In the
city of Montreal quittor is said to be very common in the early
springtime, when the streets are muddy from the melting snow and ice.

[4] Descazeaux has shown that the worms found in these summer sores are
probably larval forms of the stomach worms of the horse, _Habronema
megastoma_, _H. microstoma_, and _H. muscae_. Ransom has shown that the
larval stage of _H. muscae_ develops in the common housefly, the fly
becoming infested as a maggot in horse manure. Infestation with the
adult worms in the stomach of the horse (Pl. V, fig. 4) may take place
through the ingestion of such infested flies, or by the escape of the
larva from the proboscis of the fly as it feeds on the moist lips of the
horse. In view of this it may be surmised that summer sores may arise as
the result of flies so infested feeding on the moisture on the skin of
the horse. In some forms of summer sores along the abdomen there are
found immature stages of _Habronema_ which apparently have just escaped
from the egg and which are younger than some of the stages found in the
fly. In this case it is surmised that these embryos from the manure
enter the soiled skin of the horse, as it lies down on dirty bedding and
manure, and develop in the skin as they would ordinarily in the fly.
Descazeaux calls these summer sores cutaneous habronemiasis.

Preventive measures consist in the removal of the adult worms from the
stomach of the horse by the use of anthelmintics, the destruction of the
embryos in the manure, fly-control measures, and the use of clean
bedding.--M. C. HALL.

[5] Descazeaux recommends the application and injection of 2 to 3 per
cent trypanblue, though he states that the only truly efficacious
treatment is the early and complete ablation of the invaded tissue.--M.
C. H.

[6] Revised by M. C. Hall.

WOUNDS AND THEIR TREATMENT.

By CH. B. MICHENER, V. S.

[Revised by John R. Mohler, V. M. D., A. M.]

DESCRIPTION OF WOUNDS.

A wound is an injury to any part of the body involving a solution of
continuity or disruption of the affected parts and is caused by
violence, with or without laceration of the skin. In accordance with
this definition we have the following varieties of wounds: Incised,
punctured, contused, lacerated, gunshot, and poisoned. They may further
be classified as superficial, deep, or penetrating, and also as unclean,
if h