pressure on the spine,
and the saddle blankets should be clean and dry. Parts of the horse
where chafing is likely to occur, as on the back under the saddle,
should be cleaned and brushed free of dirt.

The remedies for simple harness galls are numerous. Among them may be
mentioned alcohol, 1 pint, in which are well shaken the whites of two
eggs; a solution of nitrate of silver, 10 grains to the ounce of water;
sugar of lead or sulphate of zinc, 20 grains to an ounce of water;
carbolic acid, 1 part in 15 parts of glycerin, and so on almost without
end. Any simple astringent wash or powder will effect a cure, provided
the sores are not irritated by friction.

If a sitfast has developed, the dead hornlike slough must be carefully
dissected out and the wound treated carefully with antiseptics. During
treatment it is always best to allow the animal to rest, but if this is
inconvenient care should be taken to prevent injury to the abraded or
wounded surface by padding the harness so that chafing can not occur.

BURNS AND SCALDS.

These wounds of domestic animals are fortunately of rare occurrence;
however, when they do occur, if at all extensive, they prove to be quite
troublesome and in many cases are fatal. According to the severity of
the burn we distinguish three degrees: First degree, where there is a
simple reddening of the skin; second degree, where there is a formation
of vesicles, or blisters; third degree, where there is a complete
destruction of vitality of the tissues, such as would occur in charring
from direct contact with flames or from escaping steam. Besides the
burns caused by flames and steam, there are other causative agents, such
as chemicals (caustic alkalis and acids), lightning stroke, and
occasionally the broken trolley wires of electric railways. When a large
surface of the skin is burned or scalded, the animal (if it does not die
at once from shock) will soon show signs of fever--shivering, coldness
of the extremities, weakness, restlessness, quick and feeble pulse, and
labored breathing. No matter which agent is a factor in the production
of burns, the lesions are practically of the same nature. The extent and
site of the burn should lead one in the determination and course of
treatment. Burns of the shoulder and those about the region of the elbow
or other parts where there is much movement of the tissues are grave,
and, if at all extensive, treatment should not be attempted, but the
immed