ut the fiord-cut shores are
frequented in summer by Norwegian seal and walrus hunters.

SPLUeGEN, an Alpine pass in the Swiss canton of the Grisons; the
roadway 24 m. long, opened in 1822, crosses the Rhaetian Alps from Chur,
the capital of Grisons, to Chiavenna, in Lombardy, and reaches a height
of 6595 ft.

SPOHR, LUDWIG, musical composer and violinist, born in Brunswick;
produced both operas and oratorios, "Faust" among the former, the "Last
Judgment" and the "Fall of Babylon" among the latter; his violin-playing
was admirable, producing from the tones of the instrument the effects of
the human voice; wrote a handbook for violinists (1784-1859).

SPOLETO (8), an ancient city of Central Italy, built on the rocky
slopes of a hill, in the province of Umbria, 75 m. NE. of Rome; is
protected by an ancient citadel, and has an interesting old cathedral
with frescoes by Lippo Lippi, and an imposing 7th-century aqueduct; was
capital of a Lombard duchy, and in 1220 was joined to the Papal States.

SPONTINI, GASPARO, Italian operatic composer, born at Majolati;
settled in Paris in 1803, and a year later made his mark with the little
opera "Milton," and subsequently established his fame with the three
grand operas, "La Vestale," "Ferdinand Cortez," and "Olympia"; from 1820
to 1842 was stationed at Berlin under court patronage, and in the face of
public and press opposition continued to write in a strain of elevated
and melodious music various operas, including his greatest work "Agnes
von Hohenstaufen" (1774-1851).

SPORADES, a group of islands in the AEgean Sea, of which the largest
is the Mitylene.

SPOTTISWOODE, JOHN, archbishop of St. Andrews; accompanied James VI.
to London, was zealous for the establishment of Episcopacy in Scotland;
was archbishop of Glasgow before he was translated to St. Andrews;
officiated at coronation of Charles I. at Holyrood in 1633, and was two
years after made Chancellor of Scotland; wrote a "History of the Church
of Scotland"; was buried in Westminster (1565-1639).

SPOTTISWOODE, WILLIAM, mathematician and physician, born in London;
was Queen's printer, as his father had been before him; published
numerous important papers on scientific subjects, his greatest work "The
Polarization of Light," a subject on which he was a great authority
(1825-1883).

SPREE, a river of Prussia, rises in East Saxony close to the
Bohemian border, follows a winding and generally N. and NW. co