rinted the week following, and circulated all over the land
and beyond it till they filled volumes; no preacher of the time had such
an audience, and none such a wide popularity; he preached the old Puritan
gospel, but it was presented in such a form and in such simple, idiomatic
phrase, as to commend it as no less a gospel to his own generation:
besides his sermons as published, other works were also widely
circulated; special mention may be made of "John Ploughman's Talk"
(1834-1892).

SPURZHEIM, JOHANN CASPAR, phrenologist, born in Treves; went to
study medicine at Vienna; attended the lectures of Gall and became a
disciple, accompanying him on a lecturing tour through Central Europe,
and settling with him in 1807 in Paris; in 1813 he separated from Gall,
and went to lecture in England with much acceptance; in 1832 he proceeded
to America with the same object, but he had hardly started on his mission
when he died at Boston; he wrote numerous works bearing on phrenology,
education, &c. (1776-1832).

SRUTI, the name given to sacred and revealed tradition, or
revelation generally, among the Hindus.

STAAL, JEAN, a French lady of humble circumstances, of metaphysical
turn; skilled in the philosophies of Descartes and Malebranche; was in
the Bastille for two years for political offences; was a charming woman,
and captivated the Baron de Staal; left Memoirs and Letters (1693-1750).

STABAT MATER, A Latin hymn on the dolours of the Virgin, beginning
with these words, and composed in the 13th century by Jacopone da Todi, a
Franciscan monk, and set to music by several composers, the most popular
being Rossini's.

STADIUM, the course on which were celebrated the great games
(foot-racing, wrestling, &c.) of ancient Greece, held at Olympia, Athens,
and other places; the most famous was that laid out at Olympia; length
600 Greek feet, which was adopted as the Greek standard of measure, and
equalled 6061/2 English feet.

STADTHOLDER, an anglicised form of the Dutch "stadhouder" (i. e.
stead-holder), a title conferred on the governors of provinces in the Low
Countries, but chiefly associated with the rulers of Holland, Zealand,
and Utrecht; in 1544 the title was held by William the Silent, and
continued to be the designation of the head of the new republic of the
United Provinces of the Netherlands until 1802, when William V. was
compelled to resign his stadtholdership to France, the country afterwards
assuming a