97, strangled after a reign of 18
months; S. VII., Pope from 829 to 831, entirely under the control of
his mistresses; S. VIII., pope from 939 to 942; S. IX., Pope
from 1057 to 1058, vigorously opposed the sale of benefices and the
immorality of the clergy.

STEPHEN, GEORGE, archaeologist, born in Liverpool; settled in Sweden,
and became professor of English in Copenhagen; his great work entitled
"Old Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England"; _b_. 1813.

STEPHEN, JAMES, slavery abolitionist, born in Dorsetshire; held a
post in the West Indies; wrote "Slavery in the British West Indies," an
able book; had sons more or less distinguished in law and law practice
(1759-1832).

STEPHEN, LESLIE, man of letters, born at Kensington, educated at
Eton and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, of which he became a Fellow; became
editor of the _Cornhill_ and of the first 26 volumes of the "Dictionary
of National Biography"; is the author of "Hours in a Library" and
"History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century," books that have
produced a deep impression; has also produced several biographies,
distinguished at once by accuracy, elegance, and critical acumen; _b_.
1832.

STEPHEN, ST., protomartyr of the Christian Church, who was (Acts
vii.) stoned to death in A.D. 33; his death is a frequent subject of the
old painters, the saint himself being less frequently depicted, but when
so he is represented usually in a deacon's dress, bearing a stone in one
hand and a palm-branch in the other, or both hands full of stones.

STEPHENS, JAMES, Fenian conspirator, born in Kilkenny; became "Head
Centre," and zealous in the Fenian cause both in Ireland and America; was
arrested in Dublin, but escaped; found his way to New York, but was
deposed, and has sunk out of sight; _b_. 1824.

STEPHEN'S, ST., the Parliament House of Westminister, distinguished
from St. James's, which denotes the Court, as Downing Street does the
Government.

STEPHENSON, GEORGE, inventor of the locomotive, born, the son of a
poor colliery engineman, at Wylam, near Newcastle; was early set to work,
first as a cowherd and then as a turnip-hoer, and by 15 was earning 12s.
a week as fireman at Throckley Bridge Colliery, diligently the while
acquiring the elements of education; married at 21, and supplemented his
wage as brakesman at Killingworth Colliery by mending watches and shoes;
in 1815 invented a safety-lamp for miners, which brought him a publ