use of without
respect to any other Word."--_Gram. Commentaries_, p. 131. This remark,
however, applies not justly to our language; for, with us, the vocative
case, is unknown, or not distinguished from the nominative. In English, all
nouns of the second person are either put absolute in the nominative,
according to Rule 8th, or in apposition with their own pronouns placed
before them, according to Rule 3d: as, "This is the stone which was set at
nought of _you builders_."--_Acts_, iv, 11. "How much rather ought _you
receivers_ to be considered as abandoned and execrable!"--_Clarkson's
Essay_, p. 114.

"Peace! _minion_, peace! it boots not me to hear
The selfish counsel of _you hangers-on_."
--_Brown's Inst._, p. 189.

"Ye _Sylphs_ and _Sylphids_, to your chief give ear;
_Fays, Faries, Genii, Elves_, and Daemons, hear!"
--_Pope, R. L._, ii, 74.

OBS. 4.--The case of nouns used in exclamations, or in mottoes and
abbreviated sayings, often depends, or may be conceived to depend, on
something _understood_; and, when their construction can be satisfactorily
explained on the principle of ellipsis, they are _not put absolute_, unless
the ellipsis be that of the participle. The following examples may perhaps
be resolved in this manner, though the expressions will lose much of their
vivacity: "A _horse_! a _horse_! my _kingdom_ for a horse!"--_Shak._ "And
he said unto his father, My _head_! my _head_!"--_2 Kings_, iv, 19. "And
Samson said, With the jaw-bone of an ass, _heaps_ upon heaps, with the jaw
of an ass, have I slain a thousand men."--_Judges_, xv, 16. "Ye have heard
that it hath been said, An _eye_ for an eye, and a _tooth_ for a
tooth."--_Matt._, v, 38. "_Peace_, be still."--_Mark_, iv, 39. "One God,
_world_ without end. Amen."--_Com. Prayer_.

"_My fan_, let others say, who laugh at toil;
_Fan! hood! glove! scarf!_ is her laconic style."--_Young_.

OBS. 5.--"Such Expressions as, _Hand to Hand, Face to Face, Foot to Foot_,
are of the nature of Adverbs, and are of elliptical Construction: For the
Meaning is, _Hand_ OPPOSED _to Hand_, &c."--_W. Ward's Gram._, p. 100. This
learned and ingenious author seems to suppose the former noun to be here
put absolute with a participle understood; and this is probably the best
way of explaining the construction both of that word and of the preposition
that follows it. So Samson's phrase, "_heaps upon heaps_," may mean, "heaps
_being piled_