ongregation of three hundred and fifty people, at least half of
whom did not get any benefit from the English sermon, and I put it
before them and told them, this is what we are requested to do; you
don't have to do it, but they would like to have you do it, and
they unanimously voted in my church, and every other church in the
county, to adopt the plan. Our congregations in the evening are not
as large as before because some of the older people do not come
now, but enough come to church who are living in our community so
that we can hold the service. So we have lost in one way, but we
are slowly gaining along another way; one old grandfather there
said it would have been better if these plans had been adopted
fifteen years ago. And this plan has worked very satisfactorily in
our county.

In several of the rural immigrant communities visited by the writer
there were successful bilingual churches. In the Polish colony at Posen,
Michigan, the sermon in the Catholic Church is in two languages, Polish
and English. The priest explained that the Polish language is needed, as
the people, especially the older people, understand it better and the
priest is able to penetrate their souls more intimately in their mother
tongue. The English language is needed for two reasons: among the
colonists are a few American farmers who belong to the same church and
do not speak Polish; and a few of the younger generation understand
English better than Polish, especially those newcomers who have been
born outside of the colony among Americans.

In the Dutch colony at Holland, Michigan, the churches are bilingual.
One service in the morning is in the Dutch language and the other in the
evening is in the English language. English has become a necessity
because a number of the young people have difficulty in understanding
Dutch, and also because a number of the congregation are either native
born or of some other nationality.

ENGLISH FAVORED BY MEMBERS

On the whole, the writer, in his field study, was impressed by the fact
that the rank and file of the immigrant congregations favored the
English-language service, while the priests and pastors were opposing
it. Whenever an English-language service had been lately introduced it
had been done under the pressure either of the members of the
congregation or of the state Council of Defense.

The clergy often maintained that the foreig