s"; leaves the pruning tools in the tool-house, and says
it pays. Would thin apples on trees if labor did not come so high. His
experience as to difference in fruitfulness between planting of one or
of several kinds [together] is unsatisfactory. Believes fertilizers are
good for trees if spread out, never if piled around the tree; would
surely advise its use on all orchards. Would never allow an orchard
pastured by any kind of live stock.

Has a large list of insects to contend against, but is not bothered with
leaf eaters, hence does not spray, and does not believe any one has
lessened the codling-moth by spraying. Uses common sense on borers, and
digs them out. He first mounds the tree, and thereby gets what larvae
there may be deposited high up in the collar, few remain; these I dig
out, which is all "simple enough." He describes gathering apples thus:
"Pick 'em by hand; surround the apple with your fingers, break back
gently, which loosens the stem, then lay gently in the basket. It is
very simple, the process." Makes two classes, one the best, the other of
seconds. In the first we put all that seem perfect; in the second, all
others that are not culls. Packs in barrels, well shaken down and
pressed; marks with name of variety, and always rolls [?] them to
market. Sells the best any way possible, peddles seconds, and lets the
culls rot. His best market is Kansas City--three miles. Never dries any.
Stores for winter in various ways. Has had varying success, and believes
loss in cold store was owing to varying temperature and lack of proper
care. Does not irrigate, but trusts in the Lord. Prices range from six
dollars to ten dollars per barrel. For help he uses "men and mules," and
pays as "little as possible, believing that is often too much."

* * * * *

JOHN E. SAMPLE, Beman, Morris county: Have been in Kansas twenty years;
have 1000 trees planted twelve years, of Ben Davis, Rawle's Janet,
Missouri Pippin, and Winesap; also Red and Sweet June, Early Harvest,
and Maiden's Blush. Have discarded the Twenty-ounce Pippin as no good
here. I have a deep, black loam with a clay subsoil, on upland, with
southeast slope. I plant two-year-old trees a little deeper than they
grow in the nursery, in rows thirty feet apart, and thirty feet in the
rows, alternating the trees. I cultivate to corn and potatoes for about
eight years, and then sow to red clover. I believe windbreaks
beneficial, and wo