core and all other characteristics. And to ascertain what
effect climate had upon each variety, we kept an accurate meteorological
record of the weather. This we furnished to the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. C., for ten years. We also grew the leading varieties on
an elevation 400 feet higher, and on various aspects not over two miles
apart, and learned what effect elevation and aspect had upon the bearing
quality of different varieties.

For commercial orchard I prefer Stayman, Winesap, York Imperial,
Jonathan, and White Pippin. It will be noticed that in the commercial
list we omitted Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, Gano, and Willow Twig. These
varieties are all productive and profitable, but we believe the time has
come (or soon will be) that the public will demand something better, and
to meet this demand we have made the change; but to those who do not
believe in progress the above varieties will prove at least productive,
if not so profitable as in the past. In making out the list of apples we
have hesitated somewhat in heading the list with Stayman, not from any
doubt about the apple, but from the fact that it is not generally known;
but this objection can be made against any apple when first introduced.
The following is the description we gave twenty-one years ago in our
fruit notes: "Fruit large, heavy, form oblate conic, regular; color
greenish yellow; mostly covered, splashed and striped with dark red;
flesh yellow, firm, fine, tender, juicy, rich, mild, aromatic, subacid;
quality good to best; season January to May. Seedling of Winesap; bore
the ninth year from the seed." After fruiting this apple over twenty
years we can add the following: It is a strong grower, has a darker
leaf, is a better bearer, hangs on the tree better, is of larger size,
is of much better quality, and will keep better than Winesap. Charles
Downing gave a similar description of this apple in his appendix.
[Stayman Winesap.] R. J. Black, of Ohio, one of the best-posted
pomologists, who has fruited it for years, puts it at the head of both
the commercial and family lists, and says: "It has all the qualities of
the Winesap without any of its faults." Prof. H. E. Van Deman, who has
fruited it and seen it fruited in Delaware, puts it at the head of the
list, and writes in respect to the change of name: "Stayman (apple) is
worth almost a lifetime to produce." "Now, I have been so impressed with
its coming value and popularity, that I