but it proved more injury than profit.
I use all the fertilizer from stables and stock-yards that I can get,
spread all over the ground, and believe it would pay on any soil. I
would allow no live stock in the orchard but poultry, and would not
allow them to roost in the trees.

I have some trouble with tent-caterpillars, roundheaded borers, fall
web-worm, and curculio. I spray with London purple, first when the bloom
falls, then every ten days until three times, with a spray pump, using
London purple. I do not know whether I have reduced the codling-moth any
or not. I treat the borers with penknife and probe, others with rough
handling--eternal, vigilant destruction. I pick from step-ladders into
pails; place in sack to haul to the barn or shed. We sort into two
classes--first, all sound and marketable, second for cider. I sort by
hand from the pile, three or four bushels at a time. We pack in
bushel-and-a-half sacks, filled from the half-bushel measure, mark with
the name of variety, and haul to market in spring wagon. I retail and
peddle them, making the culls into cider and vinegar. My best market is
our nearest town; tried distant market last fall and it paid. We dry
some, pack into tight boxes as soon as dried and store in dark place,
and find a ready market at the stores at six cents per pound. It does
not pay very well, but saves waste. I only store for family use, in
headless barrels; generally keep well. Ben Davis keeps the best. We lose
from one-fourth to one-half. I believe irrigation would be a good thing.
Prices have been from thirty-five cents to seventy-five cents per
bushel. Use only home help.

* * * * *

M. D. WELTNER, Westmoreland, Pottawatomie county: Have been in Kansas
eighteen years. Planted 800 apple trees ten years ago. I do not own this
orchard at present. I planted Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, Winesap,
Jonathan, and Maiden's Blush. I prefer sandy or black loam, with clay
subsoil, bottom land or gentle slope to the north. I set good, thrifty,
clean, two-year-old trees. I thoroughly plow my ground, then run a
lister for the row, and throw out with spade or shovel where the trees
are to go. I cultivate with potatoes and corn, using the plow, harrow,
and five-tooth cultivator, until ten or twelve years old, then sow to
clover. I use no windbreaks. For rabbits I wrap with building paper or
wire screen. I believe it pays to prune with the knife and saw a little
each