or opening in the back end
of the building, and the windows and door in the front end, the air can
all be swept out by natural draft and replaced by fresh air. Five
minutes is sufficient to thoroughly ventilate. During all this extreme
wet weather the floor of the building has been dust dry.

* * * * *

Dr. CHAS. WILLIAMSON, Washington, Washington county: I have lived in
Kansas forty years. My first planted orchard is thirty-eight years old
and the second thirty years. For market I prefer Ben Davis, Winesap,
Missouri Pippin, and Rawle's Janet; and for family use Ben Davis,
Winesap, Jonathan, Rome Beauty, Rambo, Early June, and Romanite. I have
tried and discarded Cooper's Early White, because it is a short-lived
tree and a shy bearer. I prefer bottom land with a black loam and a clay
subsoil, with a north and east slope. I plant trees thirty feet apart. I
would advise cultivation for three years; seed bearing orchard to white
clover. Windbreaks are essential; would make them of mulberries and
cedar; plant seed for mulberries and set small cedars. For rabbits I use
traps and dogs. I prune, but not very much; I cut out watersprouts and
dead limbs, and thin out the top so as to let sun in. I never have
thinned the fruit on the trees, but think it would pay. I keep bees to
help pollinize the blossoms. I fertilize my orchard with stable litter;
trees and plant life, as well as stock, need food. I do not pasture my
orchard; it is not advisable. I have sprayed with London purple. I
protect my trees from the sun, and the bark being full of sap the borers
will not trouble them. I hand-pick my apples and pack in barrels in the
orchard. I sell in the orchard at retail. My best market is at home. Do
not dry any. I store some apples, and find Ben Davis, Winesap and
Missouri Pippin keep best. When packing apples for storing I wrap each
apple in paper and put a paper between the layers in the boxes; then put
them in the cellar, and they keep well. I open the cellar door on warm
days. Prices have been from 35 cents to $1.10 per bushel.

There is not a state in the union but what is profiting by the
experiences of such men as friend Wellhouse, the "Apple King," and other
horticulturists, who are leaving a legacy to future generations. My
experience in orcharding has been as an amateur ever since 1856. My
orchard has been for home use, but now, with my experience gained here
in Kansas, I am planting in th