them in
natural positions and turning the ends down in the hole, leaning the
tree toward the two P. M. sun; then I fill the hole, using a rammer
while a boy shovels the dirt in. If the soil is dry pour two or three
gallons of water on the roots. When the water has soaked away finish
filling the hole, and tramp the soil lightly around the tree. When they
are all set, cut them well back.

I cultivate my orchard from early spring to the 1st of September, using
a plow, cultivator, and disc; I plant corn in a young orchard, and cease
cropping after eight years, and plant nothing in a bearing orchard.
Windbreaks are essential on the south and west, and I would make them of
Russian mulberries. For rabbits I rub rabbits' blood on the trees twice
during the winter. Borers I cut out the first year; after that I drown
them out by cultivation. I prune my trees while they are small, to give
shape. I think it pays, as you do not have to cut off large branches
when grown. Do not have to thin fruit here in Kansas. I do not plant a
solid block of any one kind of trees; I intermingle the varieties in
alternate rows, and insure more perfect pollination. I fertilize my
orchard with stable litter; it pays especially well on sandy soil, and I
would advise its use on all soils. Don't expect your trees to produce
something for nothing; feed them. I do not pasture my orchard; it is not
advisable, and does not pay. My trees are troubled with canker-worm,
tent-caterpillar, bud moth, root aphis, bag-worm, flathead borer,
roundhead borer, woolly aphis, twig-borer, and oyster-shell bark-louse,
and my apples with codling-moth. I do not spray. Hunt the insect eggs
and nests in your trees, and destroy the source of much loss to your
fruit this season. In picking, I use a ladder to reach the apples in the
top of the trees; put them in a grain sack over my shoulder with a stick
in the mouth; have gathered sixty bushels per day for weeks at a time in
this way. Prices have been from one dollar to two dollars per bushel,
and dried apples five to eight cents per pound.

* * * * *

A. D. EINSEL, Greensburg, Kiowa county: I have lived in the state twelve
years. I plant thrifty one-year-old trees, in holes large enough to
receive the roots, cover the roots with earth, and then pour in a pail
of water. When this is soaked away fill the hole nearly full of earth. I
cultivated my orchard to corn, using a spring-tooth harrow, to kee