be beneficial, judging by
some that have fertilized; I would advise it on all soils. No! no! no!
no! I do not pasture my orchard; do not think it advisable; it does not
pay. My apples are troubled with codling-moth. I do not spray. I sell my
apples in the orchard at wholesale, yet sometimes retail them. I let my
neighbors pick up the culls at ten cents per bushel. My best market is
at home. I store apples successfully in bushel crates. I find the
Winesap, Rawle's Janet, Ben Davis and Little Romanite keep best. I have
to repack stored apples before marketing, losing about two per cent.

* * * * *

JAMES DUNLAP, Detroit, Dickinson county: Has lived in Kansas since
October, 1871. Has an orchard of 1200 apple trees, 300 planted sixteen
years, 700 planted eleven years, 200 planted six years. Considers
Missouri Pippin, Winesap, Ben Davis and Jonathan best for market, and
for family would add Red June, Early Harvest, Mammoth Black Twig, and
Cooper's Early White. Have tried and discarded Yellow Transparent,
Rambo, Fameuse, and others. Prefers bottom and eastern slope, sandy
loam, with clay subsoil. Plants thrifty one-year-old trees in holes
large enough to spread the roots out well, leaning the young trees
slightly to the southwest. Cultivates both ways as close to the trees as
possible, usually planting to corn until the orchard is about twelve
years old; then pastures to calves in fore part of season, mowing off
the grass and weeds later. Believes windbreaks very essential on north,
west and south sides; uses Osage orange hedge and two rows of
forest-trees, planting them seven feet apart and seven feet away from
the apple trees, when orchard is started.

For protection from rabbits he uses a wash of lye and soft soap on the
tree. In pruning he believes it pays to cut out sap sprouts, and balance
up the tree. He fertilizes by placing stable litter around the trees in
winter, and spreading it in the spring, and says it pays. Says it
certainly pays and does no harm to pasture the old orchards with calves.
He is troubled with canker-worm, flathead borer, tarnish plant-bug, fall
web-worm, and leaf-crumpler, also with codling-moth. He sometimes sprays
for codling-moth and canker-worm, and thinks he has reduced both of them
materially. Cuts out borers and washes the tree with lye. Has tried
kerosene oil on borers and says it did not seem to injure the trees. He
picks in baskets, dumps in piles in the