sufficiently. Believes the best apples are self-pollenizers,
and need no other varieties near, and that it does not pay to grow
others. Never use any fertilizer. If orchard "runs out," would have
another ready to take its place. Allows no stock in orchard. Is not
troubled with insects. Has sprayed a little for tent-caterpillar. He
digs out borers with a knife. His best market has been at home, selling
by the bushel or wagon-load to farmers who do not grow any. Believes
thorough cultivation better than irrigation. Prevailing prices,
thirty-five to seventy-five cents per bushel. Uses male help, at one
dollar per day without board.

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S. H. DOMONEY, Aurora, Cloud county: Have been in Kansas ten years. Have
an orchard of ---- trees, planted from twelve to fourteen years, of Ben
Davis, Winesap and Missouri Pippin for market, and Red June, Duchess of
Oldenburg, Cooper's Early White and Kansas Keeper for family use. I
prefer limestone soil with gravelly subsoil, in the bottom, with north
slope, if possible. Prefer trees two years old with low heads. "I like a
tree with a tap-root." Plow deeply and plant in loose soil, thirty feet
apart each way. I grow potatoes and sweet corn for six or seven years,
after which I sow orchard-grass. The best tool for cultivating is a disc
harrow. Growing no crop in the orchard. I think windbreaks are
essential, and prefer Russian mulberry, three rows, planted six by eight
feet apart. I like the mulberry best because they come into leaf early
and hold their foliage late. I prune a little, to thin out and let the
sun in. I believe it would pay to thin fruit on the trees. I use stable
litter, and fertilizer from the hog-pen, and think it pays if not put
too close to the tree. I tried pasturing with hogs, but don't think it
advisable, as they destroy the trees to get apples. I spray some with
London purple after the bloom falls, to destroy canker-worm and
codling-moth, and think I have reduced the latter by such spraying. I
dig borers out. We pick by hand, and sort into very best, second best,
and culls. I sell at retail and to the grocers in Concordia, Kan. I make
some cider, and feed culls to the hogs; never dried any; winter some in
barrels and boxes, and find Ben Davis and Missouri Pippin the best
keepers. I do not irrigate. Use no hired help. Prices have ranged from
fifty cents in summer to eighty cents in winter.

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