few especial words
an ablative or instrumental one. _Smidh_, a smith; _smidhe_, to a smith;
_smidhes_, of a smith. Plural, _smidhas_, smiths; _smidhum_, to smiths;
_smidha_, of smiths: _he_, he; _hine_, him; _him_, to him; _his_, his;
_se_, the; _tha_, the; _thy_, with the; _tham_, to the; _thaes_, of the.

5. _Declension._--In _Anglo-Saxon_ it was necessary to determine the
declension of a substantive. There was the weak, or simple declension for
words ending in a vowel (as, _eage_, _steorra_, _tunga_), and the strong
declension for words ending in a consonant (_smidh_, _spraec_, _le['a]f_).
The letters i and u were dealt with as semivowels, semi-vowels being dealt
with as consonants; so that words like _sunu_ and _gifu_ belonged to the
same declension as _smidh_ and _spraec_.

6. _Definite and indefinite form of adjectives._--In Anglo-Saxon each
adjective had two forms, one _definite_ and one _indefinite_. There is
nothing of this kind in English. We say _a good sword_, and _the good
sword_ equally. In Anglo-Saxon, however, the first combination would be _se
gode sweord_, the second _['a]n god sweord_, the definite form being
distinguished from the indefinite by the addition of a vowel.

7. _Pronouns personal._--The Anglo-Saxon language had for the first two
persons a _dual_ number; inflected as follows:

_1st Person._ _2nd Person._
_Nom._ Wit _We two_ _Nom._ Git _Ye two_
_Acc._ Unc _Us two_ _Acc._ Ince _You two_
_Gen._ Uncer _Of us two_ _Gen._ Incer _Of you two._

Besides this, the demonstrative, possessive, and relative pronouns, as well
as the numerals _twa_ and _threo_, had a fuller declension than they have
at present.

VERBS.

8. _Mood._--The subjunctive mood that in the present English (with one
exception[41]) differs from the indicative only in the third person
singular, was in Anglo-Saxon considerably different from the indicative.

_Indicative Mood._

_Pres. Sing._ 1. Lufige. _Plur._ 1. }
2. Lufast. 2. } Lufiadh.
3. Lufadh. 3. }

_Subjunctive Mood._

_Pres. Sing._ 1. } _Plur._ 1. }
2. } Lufige 2. } Lufion.
3. } 3. }

The Saxon infinitive ended in -an (_lufian_), and besides this there was a
so-called gerundial form, _to lufigenne_.

Besides these there were considerable differences in respect