-front: "Pampinus
latitudine sua excipit aeris insultus, cum res ita desiderat, et fenestra
clementiam caloris solaris admittat."--HUDSON TURNER.

In the time of Shakespeare I suppose that most of the Vines in England
were grown in Vineyards of more or less extent, trained to poles. These
formed the "pole-clipt Vineyards" of No. 21, and are thus described by
Gerard: "The Vine is held up with poles and frames of wood, and by that
means it spreadeth all about and climbeth aloft; it joyneth itselfe unto
trees, or whatsoever standeth next unto it"--in other words, the Vine
was then chiefly grown as a standard in the open ground.

There are numberless notices in the records and chronicles of extensive
vineyards in England, which it is needless to quote; but it is worth
noticing that the memory of these Vineyards remains not only in the
chronicles and in the treatises which teach of Vine-culture, but also in
the names of streets, &c., which are occasionally met with. There is
"Vineyard Holm," in the Hampshire Downs, and many other places in
Hampshire; the "Vineyard Hills," at Godalming; the "Vines," at Rochester
and Sevenoaks; the "Vineyards," at Bath and Ludlow; the "Vine Fields,"
near the Abbey at Bury St. Edmunds;[302:1] the "Vineyard Walk" in
Clerkenwell; and "near Basingstoke the 'Vine' or 'Vine House,' in a
richly wooded spot, where, as is said, the Romans grew the first Vine in
Britain, the memory of which now only survives in the Vine
Hounds;"[303:1] and probably a closer search among the names of fields
in other parts would bring to light many similar instances.[303:2]

Among the English Vineyards those of Gloucestershire stood pre-eminent.
William of Malmesbury, writing of Gloucestershire in the twelfth
century, says: "This county is planted thicker with Vineyards than any
other in England, more plentiful in crops, and more pleasant in flavour.
For the wines do not offend the mouth with sharpness, since they do not
yield to the French in sweetness" ("De Gestis Pontif.," book iv.) Of
these Vineyards the tradition still remains in the county. The Cotswold
Hills are in many places curiously marked with a succession of steps or
narrow terraces, called "litchets" or "lynches;" these are traditionally
the sites of the old Vineyards, but the tradition cannot be fully
depended on, and the formation of the terraces has been variously
accounted for. By some they are supposed to be natural formations, but
wherever I have see