usterities. Among them were the Carthusians, a
very strict Order--in London they had the Charter House, a name which is
a corruption of Chartreuse, their original House: and the Cistercians,
founded at Citeaux in France--they had Eastminster, or the Abbey of St.
Mary of Grace. All these were monks.

The Augustine, or Austin Friars, pretended to have been founded by
Augustine, but were not constituted until the year 1256. They had the
monastery of Austin Friars in London. There were several branches of
this Order.

There were next the three great Mendicant Orders, Franciscans,
Dominicans, and Carmelites. These were the popular Orders. The monks
remained in their Houses alone, separated from the world. The friars
went about among the people. By their vows they were to possess nothing
of their own: they were to sleep where they could: they were to beg
their food and raiment: they were to preach to the people in the streets
and in their houses: they were to bring the rites of the Church to those
who would not enter the doors of the Church. None were to be too poor or
too miserable for them. In their humility they would not be called
fathers but brothers--fratres--friars. In their preaching they used
every way by which they could move the hearts of the people; some
thundered, some wept, some made jokes. They preached in the midst of the
markets, among the sports of the Fair, wherever they could get an
audience together.

The Franciscans, who had Grey Friars House, now the Bluecoat School,
were founded by St. Francis of Assisi in the beginning of the thirteenth
century. They came over to England and appeared in London a few years
later. On account of their austerities and the faithfulness with which
the earlier Franciscans kept their vows and the earnestness of their
preaching they became very popular in this country. Their name--Grey
Friars--denotes the colour of their dress. The old simplicity and
poverty did not last long. It must, however, be acknowledged that wealth
was forced upon them.

The Dominicans were founded by St. Dominic about the year 1215. Sixty
years later they came to London and established themselves in the place
still known by their name--Blackfriars. Their dress was white with a
black cloak. They were never so popular as the Franciscans perhaps
because they insisted more on doctrine, and were associated with the
Inquisition.

The third of the Mendicant Orders was the Carmelite. They were the
White