s for selling goods
falsely described. A 'pillar of reformation' was set up at the Standard
in Cheap; here on Sunday morning the mayor superintended the flogging of
young servants. When Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen a young fellow,
for speaking slightingly of her title, had his ears nailed to the
pillory and afterwards cut off, heretics were burned, traitors were
hanged first for a few minutes and then taken down and cut open--one of
the most horrible punishments ever inflicted.

The Reformation, which suppressed the religious Houses, at the same time
suppressed the hospitals which were all religious Houses and the schools
which belonged to the religious Houses. St. Bartholomew's, St. Thomas's,
St. Mary's, St. Mary of Bethlehem, besides the smaller houses, were all
suppressed. The sick people were sent back to their own houses; the
brethren and sisters were dispersed. One House contained one hundred
blind men, all these were cast adrift; another contained a number of
aged priests--these were turned into the streets. Eight schools perished
at the Dissolution. For a time London had neither schools nor hospitals.

This could not continue. Bartholomew's, St. Thomas's, Bethlehem, and,
under Queen Mary, the Savoy were refounded under new statutes as
hospitals. For schools, St. Paul's which was never closed, was endowed
by Dean Colet; St. Anthony's continued, the Blue Coat School was founded
on the site of the Franciscan House. The Mercers took over the school of
St. Thomas. The Merchant Taylors founded their school. In Southwark,
schools were founded at St. Olave's and St. Saviour's. A few years later
Charterhouse was converted into an almshouse and a school.

43. TRADE.

PART I.

London was anciently the resort of 'foreign' merchants. It was rich
because 'foreign' merchants brought and exchanged their goods at this
port. There were no ships built in England until the reign of King
Alfred. When the kingdom became tranquil he is said to have hired out
his ships to foreign merchants. A list of tolls paid by foreign ships in
the reign of King Ethelred II. shows that the imports were considerable.
The foreign merchants, however, were not to 'forestall their markets
from the burghers of London,' so that the retail trade was kept in
native hands. When retail trade was separated from wholesale trade all
that the London merchants had was the collection, the warehousing, and
the sale of the exports. It is reasonable