migration, the term used in this connexion in the
general report of the Census to include movement of population to any
new locality, home or foreign.

_Housing._--The total area of England and Wales covered by urban
districts (a term which coincides pretty nearly with that of towns,
which bears no technical meaning in England) was 3,848,987 acres, and
contained a population of 25,058,355 in 1901, the increase in the
decade 1891-1901 being 15.2%. The number of inhabited houses in the
whole country in 1901, namely 6,260,852, may be compared with the
numbers in 1801 (1,575,923) and 1851 (3,278,039); it gives an average
of 5.2 persons to each house. This average has decreased with some
regularity from a _maximum_ of 5.75 in 1821, but there is no certain
evidence on which to affirm or deny that the average cubic capacity of
dwelling-houses has been maintained. The urban population averaged 5.4
persons to a house, but varied greatly in different towns. Thus, an
average below 4.4 is quoted for Rochdale, Halifax, Huddersfield,
Yarmouth, Bradford and Stockport, while the average for London was
7.93, and for Gateshead, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and South Shields, in the
northern industrial district of the Tyne, and for Devonport, the
average exceeded 8. The average of persons to a house in rural
districts was 4.6.

+-------------+---------------------------+---------------------+
| | Percentage of | Excess of Estimated |
| Year. +-------------+-------------+ over Enumerated |
| | Increase by | Decrease by | Population. |
| | Births. | Deaths. | |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------------+
| 1851-1861 | 36.19 | 23.58 | 122,111 |
| 1861-1871 | 37.56 | 23.98 | 78,968 |
| 1871-1881 | 37.89 | 22.80 | 164,307 |
| 1881-1891 | 34.24 | 20.27 | 601,389 |
| 1891-1901 | 31.57 | 19.18 | 68,330 |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------------+

_Vital Statistics._--"The increase or decrease of population is
governed by two factors: (1) the balance between births and deaths,
and (2) the balance between immigration and emigration."[13] The
following table is therefore given to show (1) the pe