pecially noted for the production of an individual class of goods,
such as Sheffield for its cutlery. There is, further, a large
engineering industry in the London district; and important
manufactures of agricultural implements are found at many towns of
East Anglia and in other agricultural localities. Birmingham and
Coventry may be specially mentioned as centres of the motor and cycle
building industry. The establishment of their engineering and other
workshops at certain centres by the great railway companies has
important bearing on the concentration of urban population. For
example, by this means the London & North Western and the Great
Western companies have created large towns in Crewe and Swindon
respectively.

Certain other important industries may be localized. Thus, the
manufacture of china and pottery, although widespread, is primarily
identified with Staffordshire, where an area comprising Stoke and a
number of contiguous towns actually bears the name of the Potteries
(q.v.). Derby has a similar fame, while the manufacture of glass,
important in Leeds and elsewhere in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and
in the London district, centres peculiarly upon a single town in South
Lancashire--St Helens. Finally, the bootmakers of Northamptonshire (at
Wellingborough, Rushden, &c.), and the straw-plaiters of Bedfordshire
(at Luton and Dunstable), deserve mention among localized industrial
communities.

_Occupations of the People._--The occupations of the people may be so
considered as to afford a conception of the relative extent of the
industries already noticed, and their importance in relation to other
occupations. The figures to be given are those of the census of 1901,
and embrace males and females of 10 years of age and upwards. The
textile manufactures occupied a total of 994,668 persons, of which the
cotton industry occupied 529,131. A high proportion of female labour is
characteristic of each branch of this industry, the number of females
employed being about half as many again as that of males (the proportion
was 1.47 to 1 in 1901). The metal industries of every sort occupied
1,116,202; out of which those employed in engineering (including the
building of all sorts of vehicles) numbered 741,346. Of the other broad
classes of industry already indicated, the manufacture of boots and
shoes occupied 229,257, and the pottery and glass manufactures 90,193.
For the rest,