ling-houses, new or old, and for factories,
and the maintenance of such conveniences in proper condition. The
urban council have power to provide and maintain and make provision
for the regulation of urinals, water-closets, earth-closets, privies,
ashpits and other similar conveniences for public accommodation. In
the event of a complaint being made to a district council that any
drain, closet, privy, ashpit or cesspool is a nuisance or injurious to
health, the council may empower their surveyor to enter and examine
the premises, and, if the complaint is well founded, they may require
the owner to do the necessary works. The district council are not
bound to undertake the removal of house refuse from premises, or the
cleansing of closets, privies, ashpits and cesspools. They may,
however, undertake these duties, and, if the Local Government Board
require, they must do so. An urban council and a rural council, if
invested with the requisite power by the Local Government Board, may,
and when required by order of that board must, provide for the proper
cleansing of streets, and may also provide for the proper watering of
streets. When they have undertaken, or are required to perform these
duties, a penalty is imposed upon them for neglect. If they do not
undertake these duties, they may make by-laws imposing on the
occupiers of premises the duty of cleansing footways and pavements,
the removal of house refuse, and the cleansing of earth-closets,
privies, ashpits and cesspools; and an urban council may also make
by-laws for the prevention of nuisances arising from snow, filth,
dust, ashes and rubbish, and for the prevention of the keeping of
animals on any premises so as to be injurious to health. The keeping
of swine in a dwelling-house, or so as to be a nuisance, is made an
offence punishable by a penalty in an urban district, as also is the
suffering of any waste or stagnant water to remain in any cellar, or
within any dwelling-house after notice, and the allowing of the
contents of any closet, privy or cesspool to overflow or soak
therefrom. Provision is also made for enforcing the removal of
accumulations of manure, dung, soil or filth from any premises in an
urban district, and for the periodical removal of manure or other
refuse from mews, stables or other premises.

Water-supply.

With regard to water-supply, district councils have extensiv