's gesture indicates money.--Tr.

[5] Duck eggs, that are allowed to advance well into the duckling
stage, then boiled and eaten. The senora is sneering at a custom
among some of her own people.--Tr.

[6] The Jesuit College in Manila, established in 1859.--Tr.

[7] Natives of Spain; to distinguish them from the Filipinos, _i.e.,_
descendants of Spaniards born in the Philippines. See Glossary:
"Indian."--Tr.

[8] It was a common saying among the old Filipinos that the Spaniards
(white men) were fire (activity), while they themselves were water
(passivity).--Tr.

[9] The "liberal" demonstrations in Manila, and the mutiny in the
Cavite Arsenal, resulting in the garroting of the three native
priests to whom this work was dedicated: the first of a series of
fatal mistakes, culminating in the execution of the author, that cost
Spain the loyalty of the Filipinos.--Tr.

[10] Archbishop of Manila from 1767 to 1787.--Tr.

[11] "Between this island (Talim) and Halahala point extends a strait
a mile wide and a league long, which the Indians call 'Kinabutasan,'
a name that in their language means 'place that was cleft open';
from which it is inferred that in other times the island was joined
to the mainland and was separated from it by some severe earthquake,
thus leaving this strait: of this there is an old tradition among
the Indians."--Fray Martinez de Zuniga's _Estadismo_ (1803).

[12] The reference is to the novel _Noli Me Tangere_ (_The Social
Cancer_), the author's first work, of which, the present is in a way
a continuation.--Tr.

[13] This legend is still current among the Tagalogs. It circulates
in various forms, the commonest being that the king was so confined
for defying the lightning; and it takes no great stretch of the
imagination to fancy in this idea a reference to the firearms used
by the Spanish conquerors. Quite recently (January 1909), when the
nearly extinct volcano of Banahao shook itself and scattered a few
tons of mud over the surrounding landscape, the people thereabout
recalled this old legend, saying that it was their King Bernardo
making another effort to get that right foot loose.--Tr.

[14] The reference is to _Noli Me Tangere,_ in which Sinang appears.

[15] The Dominican school of secondary instruction in Manila.--Tr.

[16] "The studies of secondary instruction given in Santo Tomas,
in the college of San Juan de Letran, and of San Jose, and in the
private schools, had the defects inhe