ing a date to the poem is
apparent. It contains several references to scenes and characters in
_Beowulf_.

Footnote 15: Lines 135-143 (Morley's version).

Footnote 16: A lyric is a short poem reflecting some personal emotion,
like love or grief. Two other Anglo-Saxon poems, "The Wife's Complaint" and
"The Husband's Message," belong to this class.

Footnote 17: First strophe of Brooke's version, _History of Early English
Literature_

Footnote 18: _Seafarer_, Part I, Iddings' version, in _Translations from
Old English Poetry._

Footnote 19: It is an open question whether this poem celebrates the
fight at which Hnaef, the Danish leader, fell, or a later fight led by
Hengist, to avenge Hnaef's death.

Footnote 20: Brooke's translation, _History of Early English Literature_,
For another early battle-song see Tennyson's "Battle of Brunanburh."

Footnote 21: William Camden (1551-1623), one of England's earliest and
greatest antiquarians. His first work, _Britannia_, a Latin history of
England, has been called "the common sun whereat our modern writers have
all kindled their little torches."

Footnote 22: From Iddings' version of _The Seafarer_.

Footnote 23: From _Andreas_, ll. 511 ff., a free translation. The whole
poem thrills with the Old Saxon love of the sea and of ships.

Footnote 24: From _Beowulf_, ll. 1063 ff., a free translation.

Footnote 25: Translated from _The Husband's Message_, written on a piece
of bark. With wonderful poetic insight the bark itself is represented as
telling its story to the wife, from the time when the birch tree grew
beside the sea until the exiled man found it and stripped the bark and
carved on its surface a message to the woman he loved. This first of all
English love songs deserves to rank with Valentine's description of Silvia:

Why, man, she is mine own,
And I as rich in having such a jewel
As twenty seas, if all their sand were pearl,
The water nectar and the rocks pure gold.
_Two Gentlemen of Verona_, II, 4.

Footnote 26: From the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, record of the year 457.

Footnote 27: According to Sweet the original home of the Aryans is placed
in central or northern Europe, rather than in Asia, as was once assumed.
See _The History of Language_, p. 103.

Footnote 28: "Caedmon's Hymn," Cook's version, in _Translations from Old
English Poetry_.

Footnote 29: _Ecclesiastical History_, IV, xxiv.

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